[논문]Application of Nanosized Zero-valent Iron-Activated Persulfate for Treating Groundwater Contaminated with Phenol

Thao, Trinh Thi; Kim, Cheolyong; Hwang, Inseong

doi:10.7857/jsge.2017.22.1.041

Application of Nanosized Zero-valent Iron-Activated Persulfate for Treating Groundwater Contaminated with Phenol 원문보기

지하수토양환경 = Journal of soil and groundwater environment, v.22 no.1, 2017년, pp.41 - 48

Thao, Trinh Thi (School of Civil and Environmental Eng., Pusan National University) , Kim, Cheolyong (School of Civil and Environmental Eng., Pusan National University) , Hwang, Inseong (School of Civil and Environmental Eng., Pusan National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Persulfate (PS) activated with nanosized zero-valent iron (NZVI) was tested as a reagent to remove phenol from groundwater. Batch degradation experiments indicated that NZVI/PS molar ratios between 1 : 2 and 1 : 5 were appropriate for complete removal of phenol, and that the time required for complete removal varied with different PS and NZVI dosages. Chloride ions up to 100 mM enhanced the phenol oxidation rate, and nitrate of any concentration up to 100 mM did not significantly affect the oxidation rate. NZVI showed greater performance than ferrous iron did as an activator for PS. A by-product was formed along with phenol degradation but subsequently was completely degraded, which showed the potential to attain mineralization with the NZVI/PS system. Tests with radical quenchers indicated that sulfate radicals were a predominant radical. The results of this study suggest that NZVI is a promising activator of PS for treating contaminated groundwater.

주제어

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문제 정의

The aims of this study were to examine the performance of an NZVI/PS system in treating a phenol-contaminated groundwater and the effect of operating parameters on the phenol removal efficiency. Initially, various NZVI/PS molar ratios were evaluated.
Analysis on the by-products suggested that mineralization of by-products may be attainable. This study shows that NZVI is a promising activator of PS that is suited to groundwater treatment and can potentially provide long-term treatment.

제안 방법

These results reveal that an optimum NZVI/PS ratio lies between 1 : 2 to 1 : 5 and that this ratio range can be utilized for groundwater treatment. The NZVI/PS ratio of 1 : 2 with [NZVI] = 3.2 mM was exploited to investigate the effect of other parameters (except when examining the effect of chloride) in this study.
To determine the effective NZVI/PS ratio, a sequence of experiments was performed with different NZVI/PS ratios and dosages. For the experiments with anions, the anions were added initially with the phenol to the solutions.
XRD testing was conducted to examine the changes on the surface of NZVI particles and to clarify iron speciation. The XRD pattern presented in Fig.

대상 데이터

Sodium persulfate (>98%) was used as the persulfate source instead of potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate because of its higher solubility and rather benign nature. Sodium salts (NaNO₃ (99%), NaCl (99%)) served as the anion suppliers. The sources of ferrous and ferric ions were FeSO₄ (>99%) and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ (60%-80%), respectively.

성능/효과

1(c). One-minute removal efficiency increased by 20%, 13%, and 30% for the NZVI/PS ratios of 1 : 2, 1 : 5, and 1 : 10, respectively.
This makes ethanol a quencher for both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. The alcohol/phenol (ethanol/phenol and TBA/phenol) ratio was increased from 0 to 40, and phenol removal efficiency was recorded after 30 minutes of reaction.

후속연구

This suggests that by-products formed can be degraded completely and mineralization may occur in the current NZVI/PS system. However, further work on TOC concentration should be conducted to confirm the mineralization.

참고문헌 (23)

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Application of Nanosized Zero-valent Iron-Activated Persulfate for Treating Groundwater Contaminated with Phenol 원문보기

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Application of Nanosized Zero-valent Iron-Activated Persulfate for Treating Groundwater Contaminated with Phenol 원문보기

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