[논문]유아기 수면문제, 실행기능 및 사회적 행동 간의 관계

신나나; 박보경; 김민주; 윤기봉; 윤선영

doi:10.5723/kjcs.2017.38.3.33

유아기 수면문제, 실행기능 및 사회적 행동 간의 관계
Relationships Among Sleep Problems, Executive Function and Social Behavior During the Preschool Period 원문보기

Korean journal of child studies = 아동학회지, v.38 no.3, 2017년, pp.33 - 48

신나나 (이화여자대학교 아동학과) , 박보경 (경민대학교 아동보육과) , 김민주 (이화여자대학교 아동가족연구소) , 윤기봉 (이화여자대학교 아동가족연구소) , 윤선영 (이화여자대학교 아동학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objective: This study examined the relationships among sleep problems, executive function and social behavior during the preschool period. In addition, the mediating role of executive function between sleep problems and social behavior was investigated. Methods: A total of 304 preschool children participated in this study. The data were collected through maternal reports. Results: First, preschoolers' sleep problems were found to be significantly related to overt aggression and prosocial behavior. Second, preschoolers with sleep problems displayed lower levels of executive function. Third, preschoolers' executive function was significantly associated with social behavior. Lastly, preschoolers' executive function fully mediated the relationship between sleep problems and overt aggression, and between sleep problems and prosocial behavior. That is, preschoolers' sleep problems had effects on overt aggression and prosocial behavior, only through the effects on executive function. Conclusion: This study contributes to the sleep literature by examining the role of executive function and emphasizes the importance of forming a healthy sleep habit during the preschool period.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	수면이란 무엇인가?	, 2017). 수면은 생물학적이며 행동적인 상태로, 총 수면시간이나 낮잠의 횟수, 야간 수면길이와 같은 양적 측면과 수면패턴, 수면문제, 숙면 여부와 같은 질적 측면이 동시에 작용하여 개인의 적응에 영향을 미친다. 수면의 중요성은 특히 유아기에 강조되는데, 이 시기는 영아기의 불안정한 수면패턴에서 벗어나 좀 더 안정되고 사회화된 수면패턴으로 변화하는 전환기이기 때문이다(Jenni, Molinari, Caflisch, & Largo, 2007).
	유아의 수면이 사회적 행동에 미치는 영향은 무엇인가?	유아를 대상으로 수면이 사회적 행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 연구들은 그 수는 적지만, 학령기 아동을 대상으로 한 연구들과 유사한 결과를 보고하고 있다. 구체적으로, 이러한 연구들에서는 수면문제를 가지고 있거나 충분한 수면을 취하지 못하는 유아는 외현화 문제행동과 내면화 문제행동을 더 보이며(Keefe-Cooperman & Brady-Amoon, 2014; Lavigne et al.,1999), 이는 수면측정기(actigraph)를 통해 객관적으로 수면을 측정한 경우(Yokomaku et al., 2008)와 부모보고를 통해 수면을 측정한 경우(Goodlin-Jones, Tang, Liu, & Anders, 2009; Komada et al., 2011; Scharf, Demmer, Silver, & Stein, 2013; Whalen,Gilbert, Barch, Luby, & Belden, 2017) 모두에서 일관적으로 보고되었다. 특히 늦은 수면시간이 기질적인 부정적 정서성과결합되었을 경우 내면화 문제행동과 외현화 문제행동을 보일 위험이 더 높았다(Cremone et al.
	수면의 중요성이 특히 유아기에 강조되는 이유는 무엇인가?	수면은 생물학적이며 행동적인 상태로, 총 수면시간이나 낮잠의 횟수, 야간 수면길이와 같은 양적 측면과 수면패턴, 수면문제, 숙면 여부와 같은 질적 측면이 동시에 작용하여 개인의 적응에 영향을 미친다. 수면의 중요성은 특히 유아기에 강조되는데, 이 시기는 영아기의 불안정한 수면패턴에서 벗어나 좀 더 안정되고 사회화된 수면패턴으로 변화하는 전환기이기 때문이다(Jenni, Molinari, Caflisch, & Largo, 2007). 특히 이 시기 전체 유아의 25–40% 정도가 수면문제를 경험하며(Lam, Hiscock, &Wake, 2003; Mindell, Kuhn, Lewin, Meltzer, & Sadeh, 2006), 이 경우 적절한 개입이 이루어지지 않으면 수면문제가 만성화되어 학령기나 청소년기까지 이어질 수 있다(Pollock, 1994).

참고문헌 (84)

Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executive function during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8(2), 71-82. doi:10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724

상세보기
Astill, R. G., Van der Heijden, K. B., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2012). Sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in school-age children: A century of research meta-analyzed. Psychological Bulletin, 138(6), 1109-1138. doi:10.1037/a0028204

상세보기
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173

상세보기
Basten, M., Tiemeier, H., Althoff, R. R., van de Schoot, R., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Hofman, A., . . . van der Ende, J. (2016). The stability of problem behavior across the preschool years: An empirical approach in the general population. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(2), 393-404. doi:10.1007/ s10802-015-9993-y

상세보기
Bates, J. E., Viken, R. J., Alexander, D. B., Beyers, J., & Stockton, L. (2002). Sleep and adjustment in preschool children: Sleep diary reports by mothers relate to behavior reports by teachers. Child Development, 73(1), 62-75. doi:10.1111/1467- 8624.00392

상세보기
Bernier, A., Beauchamp, M. H., Bouvette-Turcot, A. A., Carlson, S. M., & Carrier, J. (2013). Sleep and cognition in preschool years: Specific links to executive functioning. Child Development, 84(5), 1542-1553. doi:10.1111/cdev.12063

상세보기
Bordeleau, S., Bernier, A., & Carrier, J. (2012). Longitudinal associations between the quality of parent-child interactions and children's sleep at preschool age. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(2), 254-262. doi:10.1037/a0027366

상세보기
Brand, S., Hatzinger, M., Stadler, C., Bolten, M., von Wyl, A., Perren, S., . . . Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2015). Does objectively assessed sleep at five years predict sleep and psychological functioning at 14 years?: Hmm, yes and no! Journal of Psychiatric Research, 60, 148-155. doi:10.1016/ j.jpsychires.2014.10.007

상세보기
Buckhalt, J. A., El-Sheikh, M., & Keller, P. (2007). Children's sleep and cognitive functioning: Race and socioeconomic status as moderators of effects. Child Development, 78(1), 213- 231. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00993.x

상세보기
Carlson, S. M. (2005). Developmentally sensitive measures of executive function in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28(2), 595-616. doi:10.1207/s15326942 dn2802_3

상세보기
Chaplin, T. M., & Aldao, A. (2013). Gender differences in emotion expression in children: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 735-765. doi:10.1037/a0030737

상세보기
Cremone, A., de Jong, D. M., Kurdziel, L. B. F., Desrochers, P., Sayer, A., LeBourgeois, M. K., . . . McDermott, J. M. (2017). Sleep tight, act right: Negative affect, sleep and behavior problems during early childhood. Child Development. Advance online publication. doi:10.1111/ cdev.12717

상세보기
Crick, N. R. (1995). Relational aggression: The role of intent attributions, feelings of distress, and provocation type. Developmental Psychology, 7(2), 313-322. doi:10.1017/ S0954579400006520

상세보기
Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and overt aggression in preschool. Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 579-588. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.579

상세보기
Dewald, J. F., Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Kerkhof, G. A., & Bogels, S. M. (2010). The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14(3), 179- 189. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004

상세보기
El-Sheikh, M., Buckhalt, J. A., Mize, J., & Acebo, C. (2006). Marital conflict and disruption of children's sleep. Child Development, 77(1), 31-43. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00854.x

상세보기
El-Sheikh, M., Kelly, R. J., Buckhalt, J. A., & Hinnant, J. B. (2010). Children's sleep and adjustment over time: The role of socioeconomic context. Child Development, 81(3), 870- 883. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01439.x

상세보기
Espy, K. A., Sheffield, T. D., Wiebe, S. A., Clark, C. A., & Moehr, M. J. (2011). Executive control and dimensions of problem behaviors in preschool children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(1), 33-46. doi:10.1111/j.1469- 7610.2010.02265.x

상세보기
Garon, N., Bryson, S. E., & Smith, I. M. (2008). Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 31-60. doi:10.1037/ 0033- 2909.134.1.31

상세보기
Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). Test review behavior rating inventory of executive function. Child Neuropsychology, 6(3), 235-238. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idO54385927

상세보기
Girard, L. C., Pingault, J. B., Doyle, O., Falissard, B., & Tremblay, R. E. (2017). Expressive language and prosocial behaviour in early childhood: Longitudinal associations in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14(4), 381-398. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1215300

상세보기
Goodlin-Jones, B., Tang, K., Liu, J., & Anders, T. F. (2009). Sleep problems, sleepiness and daytime behavior in preschoolage children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(12), 1532-1540. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02110.x

상세보기
Gregory, A. M., Rijsdijk, F. V., Lau, J. Y., Dahl, R. E., & Eley, T. C. (2009). The direction of longitudinal associations between sleep problems and depression symptoms: A study of twins aged 8 and 10 years. Sleep, 32(2), 189-199. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idO50852885

상세보기
Hala, S., Hug, S., & Henderson, A. (2003). Executive function and false-belief understanding in preschool children: Two tasks are harder than one. Journal of Cognition and Development, 4(3), 275-298. doi:10.1207/S15327647JCD0403_03

상세보기
Hale, L., Berger, L. M., LeBourgeois, M. K., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2011). A longitudinal study of preschoolers’ languagebased bedtime routines, sleep duration, and well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(3), 423-433. doi:10.1037/ a0023564

상세보기
Hay, D. F. (2007). The gradual emergence of sex differences in aggression: Alternative hypotheses. Psychological Medicine, 37(11), 1527-1537. doi:10.1017/S0033291707000165

상세보기
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., . . . Hillard, P. J. A. (2015). National sleep foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1(1), 40- 43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010

상세보기
Hoffman, C. D., Sweeney, D. P., Lopez-Wagner, M. C., Hodge, D., Nam, C. Y., & Botts, B. H. (2008). Children with autism: Sleep problems and mothers’ stress. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 23(3), 155-165. doi:10.1177/1088357608316271

상세보기
Hughes, C., & Ensor, R. (2008). Does executive function matter for preschoolers' problem behaviors? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(1), 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10802-007- 9107-6

상세보기
Hughes, C., & Ensor, R. (2011). Individual differences in growth in executive function across the transition to school predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors and self-perceived academic success at 6 years of age. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(3), 663-676. doi:10.1016/ j.jecp.2010.06.005

상세보기
Huyder, V., & Nilsen, E. S. (2012). A dyadic data analysis of executive functioning and children’s socially competent behaviours. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 197-208. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2012.05.002

상세보기
Isquith, P. K., Gioia, G. A., & Espy, K. A. (2004). Executive function in preschool children: Examination through everyday behavior. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26(1), 403-422. doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2601_3

상세보기
Jenni, O. G., Molinari, L., Caflisch, J. A., & Largo, R. H. (2007). Sleep duration from ages 1 to 10 years: Variability and stability in comparison with growth. Pediatrics, 120(4), 769-776. http://www.riss.kr/link?idO47911478

상세보기
Jones, K., & Harrison, Y. (2001). Frontal lobe function, sleep loss and fragmented sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 5(6), 463- 475. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0203

상세보기
Keefe-Cooperman, K., & Brady-Amoon, P. (2014). Preschooler sleep patterns related to cognitive and adaptive functioning. Early Education and Development, 25(6), 859-874. doi:10.1 080/10409289.2014.876701

상세보기
Kim, S., Nordling, J. K., Yoon, J. E., Boldt, L. J., & Kochanska, G. (2013). Effortful control in "hot" and "cool" tasks differentially predicts children's behavior problems and academic performance. Journal o f Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(1), 43-56. doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9661-4

상세보기
Komada, Y., Abe, T., Okajima, I., Asaoka, S., Matsuura, N., Usui, A., . . . Inoue, Y. (2011). Short sleep duration and irregular bedtime are associated with increased behavioral problems among Japanese preschool-age children. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 224(2), 127-136. doi:10.1017/ S0033291707000165

상세보기
Kouros, C. D., & El-Sheikh, M. (2015). Daily mood and sleep: Reciprocal relations and links with adjustment problems. Journal of Sleep Research, 24(1), 24-31. doi:10.1111/ jsr.12226

상세보기
Lam, J. C., Mahone, E. M., Mason, T. B. A., & Scharf, S. M. (2011). The effects of napping on cognitive function in preschoolers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(2), 90-97. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e318207ecc7

상세보기
Lam, P., Hiscock, H., & Wake, M. (2003). Outcomes of infant sleep problems: A longitudinal study of sleep, behavior, and maternal well-being. Pediatrics, 111(3), 203-207. Retrieved from http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/111/3/ e203

상세보기
Lavigne, J. V., Arend, R., Rosenbaum, D., Smith, A., Weissbluth, M., Binns, H. J., & Christoffel, K. K. (1999). Sleep and behavior problems among preschoolers. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 20(3), 164-169.

상세보기
Lehmkuhl, G., Wiater, A., Mitschke, A., & Fricke-Oerkermann, L. (2008). Sleep disorders in children beginning school: Their causes and effects. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 105(47), 809-814. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0809

상세보기
Mindell, J. A., Kuhn, B., Lewin, D. S., Meltzer, L. J., & Sadeh, A. (2006). Behavioral treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in infants and young children. Sleep, 29(10), 1263-1276. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/ psycinfo/2007-13597-002
Owens, J. A., Spirito, A., & McGuinn, M. (2000). The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): Psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep, 23(8), 1043-1051.
Pollock, J. I. (1994). Night-waking at five years of age: Predictors and prognosis. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(4), 699-708. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994. tb01215.x

상세보기
Quach, J., Hiscock, H., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Wake, M. (2011). A brief sleep intervention improves outcomes in the school entry year: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics, 128(4), 692-701. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0409

상세보기
Raaijmakers, M. A. J., Smidts, D. P., Sergeant, J. A., Maassen, G. H., Posthumus, J. A., Van Engeland, H., & Matthys, W. (2008). Executive functions in preschool children with aggressive behavior: Impairments in inhibitory control. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(7), 1097-1107. doi:10.1007/ s10802-008-9235-7

상세보기
Reid, G. J., Hong, R. Y., & Wade, T. J. (2009). The relation between common sleep problems and emotional and behavioral problems among 2and 3yearolds in the context of known risk factors for psychopathology. Journal of Sleep Research, 18(1), 49-59. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00692.x

상세보기
Rhoades, B. L., Greenberg, M. T., & Domitrovich, C. E. (2009). The contribution of inhibitory control to preschoolers' socialemotional competence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 310-320. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.012

상세보기
Sadeh, A. (2007). Consequences of sleep loss or sleep disruption in children. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 2(3), 513-520. doi:10.1016/ j.jsmc.2007.05.012

상세보기
Sadeh, A., Alster, J., Urbach, D., & Lavie, P. (1989). Actigraphically based automatic bedtime sleep-wake scoring: Validity and clinical applications. Journal of Ambulatory Monitoring, 2(3), 209-216. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Doron_Urbach/publication/281455300_Actigraphically-based_automatic_bedtime_sleepwake_scoring_Validity_and_clinical_applications/links/55e8c97d08ae3e12184351b2.pdf
Sadeh, A., De Marcas, G., Guri, Y., Berger, A., Tikotzky, L., & Bar- Haim, Y. (2015). Infant sleep predicts attention regulation and behavior problems at 3-4 years of age. Developmental Neuropsychology, 40(3), 122-137. doi:10.1080/87565641.2014.973498

상세보기
Scharf, R. J., Demmer, R. T., Silver, E. J., & Stein, R. E. K. (2013). Nighttime sleep duration and externalizing behaviors of preschool children. Journal o f Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(6), 384-391. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e31829a7a0d

상세보기
Simola, P., Liukkonen, K., Pitkaranta, A., Pirinen, T., & Aronen, E. T. (2014). Psychosocial and somatic outcomes of sleep problems in children: A 4-year follow-up study. Child: Care, Health, and Development, 40(1), 60-67. doi:10.1111/ j.1365-2214.2012.01412.x

상세보기
Touchette, E., Petit, D., Seguin, J. R., Boivin, M., Tremblay, R. E., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2007). Associations between sleep duration patterns and behavioral/cognitive functioning at school entry. Sleep, 30(9), 1213-1219.

상세보기
Tremblay, R. E., & Nagin, D. S. (2005). The developmental origins of physical aggression in humans. In R. E. Tremblay, W. W. Hartup, & J. Archer (Eds.), Developmental origins of aggression (pp. 83-106). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Vaughn, B. E., Elmore-Staton, L., Shin, N., & El-Sheikh, M. (2015). Sleep as a support for social competence, peer relations, and cognitive functioning in preschool children. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 13(2), 92-106. doi:10.1080/154 02002.2013.845778

상세보기
Whalen, D. J., Gilbert, K. E., Barch, D. M., Luby, J. L., & Belden, A. C. (2017). Variation in common preschool sleep problems as an early predictor for depression and anxiety symptom severity across time. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(2), 151-159. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12639

상세보기
Williams, K. E., Berthelsen, D., Walker, S., & Nicholson, J. M. (2017). A developmental cascade model of behavioral sleep problems and emotional and attentional self-regulation across early childhood. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 15(1), 1-21. doi:10.1080/15402002.2015.1065410

상세보기
Yokomaku, A., Misao, K., Omoto, F., Yamagishi, R., Tanaka, K., Takada, K., & Kohyama, J. (2008). A study of the association between sleep habits and problematic behaviors in preschool children. Chronobiology International, 25(4), 549-564. doi:10.1080/07420520802261705

상세보기
Zelazo, P. D. (2004). The development of conscious control in childhood. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(1), 12-17. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.001

상세보기
Zelazo, P. D., & Muller, U. (2002). Executive function in typical and atypical development. In U. Goswami (Ed.), Handbook of childhood cognitive development (pp. 445-469). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Zelazo, P. D., Muller, U., Frye, D., Marcovitch, S., Argitis, G., Boseovski, J., . . . Carlson, S. M. (2003). The development of executive function in early childhood. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 68(3), 1-151. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1166202

상세보기
Choi, E. A., & Song, H. N. (2015). The effect of temperament at age 3 years on peer interaction at age 4 years: The serial dual mediating effect of sleep problem and attention. Journal of Korean Council for Children & Right, 19(3), 463-490. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/ article10749385
Do, H. J. (2009) A Study on the relationship between quality of sleep and behavior problems among young children (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?idT11681530
Doh, H. S., Shin, N., Kim, M. J., Park, B. K., & Na, J. H. (2012). The mediating effect of maternal abuse and neglect on the relationship between socioeconomic status and preschoolers’ social behavior. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 30(5), 107-119. Retrieved from http://www. dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE02029189

원문보기 상세보기
Hwang, H. (2016). The effects of young children’s sleeping and eating habits on the emotional and behavioral problems. Journal of Future Early Childhood Education, 23(2), 299- 318.
Kim, B. Y. (2015). The effect of children's executive function, selfesteem and emotional intelligence on peer competence (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?idT13819240
Kim, J. (2015). Relationship between napping and nocturnal sleep in 4-year-old children attending nursery school or kindergarten. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 22(1), 1-20. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/ article191697
Kim, M.-J. (2008). The development and effects of intervention program for aggressive young children: Focus on social skills training program and parent education (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?idT11204592
Kim, S. J. (2015). A study of the association between sleep habits and cognitive, emotional, behavioral outcomes in preschool children. Journal of Korean Council for Children and Rights, 19(3), 319-341. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun. com/article10749379
Kim, S.-M., & Kim, Y.-H. (2015) Effects of mother’s marital relationship, depression, somatic symptoms, and sleep quality on children’s sleep & behavioral problems. Journal of Early Childhood Education & Educare Welfare, 19(3), 219-243.
Kim, Y., & Lee, K.-S. (2011). A study on sleep characteristics, sleep problems and their relationship with obesity in school aged children. The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, 18(2), 87-109. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/ Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE01707834
Kim, Y.-H. (2015). Nighttime sleep duration and preschool children’s behavioral problems. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 35(1), 351-375.

상세보기
Kong, Y. S., & Lim, J. Y. (2012a). The effect of preschooler’s temperament and maternal parenting attitude on preschooler’s problem and prosocial behaviors: Focusing on the mediating effect of cool executive function. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 32(2), 351-376.

상세보기
Kong, Y. S., & Lim, J. Y. (2012b). The relationships between preschooler’s temperament, maternal parenting attitude, preschooler’s problem and prosocial behaviors. The Journal of Child Education, 21(4), 135-152.
Kong, Y. S., & Lim, J. Y. (2013). The effects of temperament and executive function on preschooler’s externalizing and internalizing problems: Focusing on testing Latzman’s problem behavior theory. The Journal of Child Education, 22(4), 5-24.
Min, S. H. (2009). The effects of maternal responses, preschooler’s narrative representations, inhibition, and emotional regulation on preschoolers’ physical and relational aggression. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 16(1), 21-40. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/article18948
Oh, Y. J., & Lee, J. S. (2014). A study on effects of young children’s sleeping hours on their maladjustment to kindergarten. Korean Society for Early Childhood Physical Education, 15(1), 41-49.
Park, H. Y., & Lee, Y. (2013). Development of executive function in 3-7 year Olds: Analyses by age and maternal employment. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26(1), 137-155. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06375285
Seo, J., & Park, H. (2011). The effects of emotional intelligence on executive function: A comparison between normal children and attention deficit children. The Society for Cognitive Enhancement and Intervention, 2(1), 99-127. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/article53883
Shin, Y. (2008). Physical and relational aggression in preschoolers: Gender differences and links to language ability and social competence. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 28(2), 95-111.
Yoo, R. H., & Kim, S. H. (2017). The relationship between mothers’ affective parenting and preschoolers’ peer competence: Mediating effects of preschoolers’ executive function and emotion regulation. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 38(2), 67-79. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia. co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE07163956
You, S.-O., & Cho, Y.-N. (2014). The effect of young children’s sleep quality on emotional regulation and aggression. Journal of Parent Education, 6(1), 21-40.

저자의 다른 논문 :

LOADING...

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증