라오스 삼상농촌개발모델의 성공적 추진 - 한국 새마을운동의 교훈 - Sam Sang Rural Community Development Model of Lao PDR in Approach to Successful Implementation - Lessons from Korea's Saemual Undong -원문보기
본 연구의 목적은 라오스 정부가 농업 농촌 발전을 목적으로 2012년부터 국가 정책으로 추진하고 있는 삼상(Sam Sang, 정치적 실천공약, 분산-분권, 국가적 목표) 농촌발전 프로그램을 소개하고, 한국의 1970년대 새마을운동의 교훈을 분석하여, 라오스 삼상모델에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과 라오스 정부가 추진하고 있는 삼상 농촌개발정책에 적용할 수 있는 교훈을 다음과 같이 제시하고 있다. 상-하향식의 통합적 개발 접근은 한국 농촌발전에 매우 중요한 영향을 미친 것으로 평가하고 있으며, 놀라운 정책결과를 가져온 요인으로 분석하고 있다. 그리고 주민참여의 중요성을 부각하고 있으며 정책을 집행하는 초기단계에는 마을과 마을주민들의 역량강화를 위해서 정부의 적절한 개입과 역할을 강조하며 이를 통한 주민참여를 유도하여 궁극적으로는 자립적 의지를 통한 지속가능한 농촌개발접근이 되어야 한다고 주장하고 있다.
본 연구의 목적은 라오스 정부가 농업 농촌 발전을 목적으로 2012년부터 국가 정책으로 추진하고 있는 삼상(Sam Sang, 정치적 실천공약, 분산-분권, 국가적 목표) 농촌발전 프로그램을 소개하고, 한국의 1970년대 새마을운동의 교훈을 분석하여, 라오스 삼상모델에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과 라오스 정부가 추진하고 있는 삼상 농촌개발정책에 적용할 수 있는 교훈을 다음과 같이 제시하고 있다. 상-하향식의 통합적 개발 접근은 한국 농촌발전에 매우 중요한 영향을 미친 것으로 평가하고 있으며, 놀라운 정책결과를 가져온 요인으로 분석하고 있다. 그리고 주민참여의 중요성을 부각하고 있으며 정책을 집행하는 초기단계에는 마을과 마을주민들의 역량강화를 위해서 정부의 적절한 개입과 역할을 강조하며 이를 통한 주민참여를 유도하여 궁극적으로는 자립적 의지를 통한 지속가능한 농촌개발접근이 되어야 한다고 주장하고 있다.
Saemaul Undong (SM U) initiated in Korea in the 1970's is widely acknowledged as a successful model for rural community development, despite its limitations. This paper investigates the success factors of the SMU model and the lessons thereof for Sam Sang Model of Lao PDR, which appears ineffective ...
Saemaul Undong (SM U) initiated in Korea in the 1970's is widely acknowledged as a successful model for rural community development, despite its limitations. This paper investigates the success factors of the SMU model and the lessons thereof for Sam Sang Model of Lao PDR, which appears ineffective over the years. Results show that land reforms, social ties among villages, strong institutional support and leadership and incentive system as well as "top-down" and "bottom-up" development approaches are among the factors that significantly contributed to the success of the SMU. However, rural development program would not be effective if residents are unwilling to participate. Therefore, to successfully achieve rural community development in Lao PDR, the government should through the Sam Sang model employ top-down and bottom-up approaches to enhance local participation and address the exact needs of the local people.
Saemaul Undong (SM U) initiated in Korea in the 1970's is widely acknowledged as a successful model for rural community development, despite its limitations. This paper investigates the success factors of the SMU model and the lessons thereof for Sam Sang Model of Lao PDR, which appears ineffective over the years. Results show that land reforms, social ties among villages, strong institutional support and leadership and incentive system as well as "top-down" and "bottom-up" development approaches are among the factors that significantly contributed to the success of the SMU. However, rural development program would not be effective if residents are unwilling to participate. Therefore, to successfully achieve rural community development in Lao PDR, the government should through the Sam Sang model employ top-down and bottom-up approaches to enhance local participation and address the exact needs of the local people.
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문제 정의
Due to the limited accessible information about the Sam Sang and 1970’sSMU documentations, the researchers depends on the historical archives, government reports and journal articles. The study emphasizes the explanatory research as a means to introduce and explain the history and interaction between the government and rural people that leads to the rural development as well as to show the impressive outcome in the early phase of both countries.
Some may see that the wide range participation of rural people is from the mobilization from the top level leaders. The study shows that the achievement of Saemaul is undertaken by the consensus, commitment of rural people towards community development projects. Since the benefits of each project are distributed to communities, the massive participation of rural people and cooperation in planning and implementing the Saemaul projects model it to be widespread across the nation.
This paper explores the factors and practices responsible for successful rural development in the South Korea and further,compare them with the unsuccessful case of Lao PDR. This study I believe will help policy makers or stakeholders involved in rural development program to adopt new strategies or reform policies to improve the rural community development projects ongoing in Lao PDR.
This paper explores the factors and practices responsible for successful rural development in the South Korea and further,compare them with the unsuccessful case of Lao PDR. This study I believe will help policy makers or stakeholders involved in rural development program to adopt new strategies or reform policies to improve the rural community development projects ongoing in Lao PDR.
This study aims to analyses the rural development process through integrated approach by mainly using the descriptive explanatory method based on the analysis of historical archivesand the development strategy as well as the achievements of SMU(1970-1979), and evaluation report of the Sam Sang pilot implemented in Lao PDR(2012-2015).
The recent studies highlight emerging lessons in the implemented of Sam Sang. This study found mixed understanding of Sam Sang, with the level of understanding varying between the political, administrative decentralization and development dimensions and we will examine this with special reference to the role SMU played in shaping the rural economic transformation in Korea.
제안 방법
As the output of the study, it can provide useful suggestions for the development of rural development model that suit the country's situation based on the experience of Korea.
성능/효과
Many experts have, at least in part attributed this transformation of the rural ROK to the launching and implementation of the Saemaul Undong(SMU –New Village Movement), an integrated local development program that flourished between 1971 and 1979(Park, 2009). The overall achievements of the program included the rehabilitation of village infrastructure, improvement in overall living conditionsin rural areas and a significant increase in rural household incomes. The implementation usually took place in three stages,focusing on basic infrastructure-Stage 1, development-Stage 2 and dissemination Stage-3(Asian Development Bank, 2012).
Second, only the literature survey can be used to gather required data from Korea. Third, the period of Sam Sang model pilot implemented 2012-2015 very early and short duration of evaluation if comparing with SMU, therefore, is reflecting the situation of villages in the overall country of Lao PDR. Fourth, the period covered by the study of SMU is limited from 1971 to 1979.
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