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최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
문제 정의
- The aim of this study was to compare the visual fatigue and visual discomfort between HMD and smartphone usage. The initial experiment showed that watching HMD and smartphone both caused myopic shift, while participants could not notice this loss of visual capability.
- This paper has described a controlled study of the visual discomfort and visual fatigue experienced by participants in different types of displays, HMD and smartphone. The data indicates that the main situation in which symptoms are induced is for HMD use.
제안 방법
- They represent one dominant mobile category in the current consumer market. As the Galaxy S7 has AMOLED panel, it was perceived to be brighter than LG G5 with the same luminance; however, the experiment was conducted with both mobiles having the same luminance. As for a mobile VR HMD, we used BaofengMojing 3, which is certified to work with any Android smartphones with screen size measuring from 4.
- The level of the symptoms would be useful for signaling the seriousness of the visual discomfort. As the purpose of this study is to compare the visual discomfort of two different displays, we compared each categories (nausea, oculomotor disturbances, disorientation) to focus on what features should be reported.
- , 2010). Because of the limited number of samples, data were not statistically analyzed but guided us to design the main experiment. During the preliminary experiment, we realized that contrast sensitivity does not show meaningful change after watching HMD and smartphone and decided to exclude this test for the main experiment.
- Because of the limited number of samples, data were not statistically analyzed but guided us to design the main experiment. During the preliminary experiment, we realized that contrast sensitivity does not show meaningful change after watching HMD and smartphone and decided to exclude this test for the main experiment.
- Each video clip was 20 minutes length and participants went through one optometric test immediately after removing the HMD because the symptoms are temporal and may recover in few minutes. For this reason, participants watched three contents using HMD to measure BUT, spherical equivalent for near vision, and contrast sensitivity. After the tests, the SSQ was administered and participants took 15 minutes break to rest eyes.
- In our experiment, 24 participants performed three optometric tests and one questionnaire before and after watching HMD and smartphone for 20 minutes. Our results show that HMD viewing did show clinically meaningful changes.
- Regarding the experiment with smartphone, all participants watched the smartphone screen at a distance of 40cm away to simulate a normal smartphone using environment. In this experiment, we showed two nature documentaries about land and sea, 20 minutes each. Other procedures are identical to the HMD experiment.
- In this regard, based on our previous study (Han et al., 2017), this study intends to measure visual discomfort and visual fatigue of HMD and smartphone and compare them. By doing so, we attempt to show consumers how visual discomfort and visual fatigue caused by HMD is comparable to conventional smartphone standards.
- Once the introduction was complete, prior to the experiment, an extensive optometric screening was carried out on the participants. The screening was performed to confirm that no participant has eye disease or severe binocular abnormalities (e.g., strabismus) and to familiarize participants with the optometric tests.
- We planned a preliminary experiment before delving into the main experiment to investigate visual discomfort and visual fatigue caused by HMD. The experiment was conducted at the ophthalmic clinic in Daejeon, Korea, with 6 participants (4 males and 2 females, age from 23 to 39).
- Other procedures are identical to the HMD experiment. When participants finished their viewings, a researcher conducted semi-structured interview about their experience with HMD and smartphone viewing.
대상 데이터
- Same as the preliminary experiment, all participants were confirmed to have neither strabismus nor color deficiency. Apple iPhone 6S and Samsung Galaxy S7 were used for the experiment. As the Galaxy S7 has AMOLED panel, it appears to be brighter than iPhone 6S with the same luminance; however, the experiment was conducted with both mobiles having the same luminance of 462nit.
- We conducted main experiment to compare visual discomfort and visual fatigue caused by HMD and smartphone. The experiment was conducted at the ophthalmic clinic in Daejeon, Korea, with 24 participants (15 males and 9 females, age from 18 to 27). Same as the preliminary experiment, all participants were confirmed to have neither strabismus nor color deficiency.
- We planned a preliminary experiment before delving into the main experiment to investigate visual discomfort and visual fatigue caused by HMD. The experiment was conducted at the ophthalmic clinic in Daejeon, Korea, with 6 participants (4 males and 2 females, age from 23 to 39). We used two different mobile phones with LCD and AMOLED display respectively, LG G5 and Samsung Galaxy S7.
- Three materials were used for the experiment to collect data regarding visual fatigue and visual discomfort: BBC Click 360, Korea 360 Gangnam, and Korea 360 Boseong market. As optometric tests had to be conducted directly after the HMD experience to collect precise measurements, we prepared three materials to conduct three tests explained above respectively.
- We used two different mobile phones with LCD and AMOLED display respectively, LG G5 and Samsung Galaxy S7.
데이터처리
- In particular, the decrease was more drastic after watching the HMD than the smartphone. We performed paired-samples t-test to examine whether the decreased BUT values were statistically significant or not. As presented in Table 3, the decreased BUT values were statistically significant after watching the HMD, whereas they were not after watching smartphone at an alpha level of 0.
- The value of spherical equivalent of both eyes decreased after watching HMD and smartphone. We performed paired-samples t-test to test the statistical meaning of the decreased values. Except for the right eye of watching HMD, the decreased SE values were found to be statistically significant at an alpha level of 0.
성능/효과
- 0 inches. All participants were confirmed to have neither strabismus nor color deficiency.
- The experiment was conducted at the ophthalmic clinic in Daejeon, Korea, with 24 participants (15 males and 9 females, age from 18 to 27). Same as the preliminary experiment, all participants were confirmed to have neither strabismus nor color deficiency. Apple iPhone 6S and Samsung Galaxy S7 were used for the experiment.
- , 2012). The result of SSQ shows that visual discomfort increased after watching a VR using HMD for 20 minutes, which is remarkably higher compared to that of smartphone. After watching smartphone for 20 minutes, SSQ score has slightly increased but the difference is not statistically significant.
후속연구
- HMD and VR are still in their development phase, and there is a need to continue research into monitoring the types and levels of symptoms experienced by users as this new system develops. Some HMD users are still experiencing symptoms to an uncomfortable and distressing level, which calls for a research to identify the causes of these symptoms.
- Therefore, we conclude that after watching HMD or smartphone for 20 minutes, SE decreases in a similar level, and the difference between each display has not been observed. However, it is important to note that SE decrease was not always statistically significant, which calls for a further study with more subject. Especially, given that SE is closely related to eyesight, the change of SE should be investigated further.
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