식물은 재배기간 동안 세균, 진균, 바이러스 등의 생물 스트레스뿐만 아니라 고온, 염, 건조 등 다양한 환경 스트레스에도 노출되어 왔다. 최근에는 기후 이상현상으로 인하여 환경 스트레스의 빈도 및 강도가 불규칙적으로 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 병원균의 생장과 영향도 변화하여 생물과 환경의 복합 스트레스가 식물 재배에 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 유용미생물을 이용한 식물의 저항성 유도는 다양한 생물과 환경 스트레스로부터 식물을 보호하는 데 도움을 주며, 이러한 스트레스에 대한 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 가능성을 열어 주었다. 본 리뷰에서는 식물의 생물과 환경 스트레스에 대한 피해를 감소시키는 데 영향을 주는 미생물의 결정인자에 대해 기술하였으며 미생물 결정인자에 의해 유도되는 식물 신호전달 체계 변화에 대해 기술하였다. 또한 복합 스트레스 경감을 위한 미생물의 역할과 연구 방향에 대해 기술하였다. 이 리뷰를 통해 변화하는 환경에 대비하기 위해서 다양한 방안을 마련하고 있는 농민들에게 도움이 되기를 바라며, 실제 유용미생물 연구가 식물 재배 중 발생할 수 있는 다양한 스트레스에 따른 농가 피해를 감소시킬 효과적 대응 방안으로 이어지길 바란다.
식물은 재배기간 동안 세균, 진균, 바이러스 등의 생물 스트레스뿐만 아니라 고온, 염, 건조 등 다양한 환경 스트레스에도 노출되어 왔다. 최근에는 기후 이상현상으로 인하여 환경 스트레스의 빈도 및 강도가 불규칙적으로 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 병원균의 생장과 영향도 변화하여 생물과 환경의 복합 스트레스가 식물 재배에 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 유용미생물을 이용한 식물의 저항성 유도는 다양한 생물과 환경 스트레스로부터 식물을 보호하는 데 도움을 주며, 이러한 스트레스에 대한 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 가능성을 열어 주었다. 본 리뷰에서는 식물의 생물과 환경 스트레스에 대한 피해를 감소시키는 데 영향을 주는 미생물의 결정인자에 대해 기술하였으며 미생물 결정인자에 의해 유도되는 식물 신호전달 체계 변화에 대해 기술하였다. 또한 복합 스트레스 경감을 위한 미생물의 역할과 연구 방향에 대해 기술하였다. 이 리뷰를 통해 변화하는 환경에 대비하기 위해서 다양한 방안을 마련하고 있는 농민들에게 도움이 되기를 바라며, 실제 유용미생물 연구가 식물 재배 중 발생할 수 있는 다양한 스트레스에 따른 농가 피해를 감소시킬 효과적 대응 방안으로 이어지길 바란다.
Recently, global warming and drastic climate change are the greatest threat to the world. The climate change can affect plant productivity by reducing plant adaptation to diverse environments including frequent high temperature; worsen drought condition and increased pathogen transmission and infect...
Recently, global warming and drastic climate change are the greatest threat to the world. The climate change can affect plant productivity by reducing plant adaptation to diverse environments including frequent high temperature; worsen drought condition and increased pathogen transmission and infection. Plants have to survive in this condition with a variety of biotic (pathogen/pest attack) and abiotic stress (salt, high/low temperature, drought). Plants can interact with beneficial microbes including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which help plant mitigate biotic and abiotic stress. This overview presents that rhizobacteria plays an important role in induced systemic resistance (ISR) to biotic stress or induced systemic tolerance (IST) to abiotic stress condition; bacterial determinants related to ISR and/or IST. In addition, we describe effects of rhizobacteria on defense/tolerance related signal pathway in plants. We also review recent information including plant resistance or tolerance against multiple stresses ($biotic{\times}abiotic$). We desire that this review contribute to expand understanding and knowledge on the microbial application in a constantly varying agroecosystem, and suggest beneficial microbes as one of alternative environment-friendly application to alleviate multiple stresses.
Recently, global warming and drastic climate change are the greatest threat to the world. The climate change can affect plant productivity by reducing plant adaptation to diverse environments including frequent high temperature; worsen drought condition and increased pathogen transmission and infection. Plants have to survive in this condition with a variety of biotic (pathogen/pest attack) and abiotic stress (salt, high/low temperature, drought). Plants can interact with beneficial microbes including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which help plant mitigate biotic and abiotic stress. This overview presents that rhizobacteria plays an important role in induced systemic resistance (ISR) to biotic stress or induced systemic tolerance (IST) to abiotic stress condition; bacterial determinants related to ISR and/or IST. In addition, we describe effects of rhizobacteria on defense/tolerance related signal pathway in plants. We also review recent information including plant resistance or tolerance against multiple stresses ($biotic{\times}abiotic$). We desire that this review contribute to expand understanding and knowledge on the microbial application in a constantly varying agroecosystem, and suggest beneficial microbes as one of alternative environment-friendly application to alleviate multiple stresses.
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문제 정의
본 리뷰에서는 식물의 생물과 환경 스트레스에 대한 피해를 감소시키는 데 영향을 주는 미생물의 결정인자에 대해 기술하였으며 미생물 결정인자에 의해 유도되는 식물 신호전달 체계 변화에 대해 기술하였다. 또한 복합 스트레스 경감을 위한 미생물의 역할과 연구 방향에 대해 기술하였다. 이 리뷰를 통해 변화하는 환경에 대비하기 위해서 다양한 방안을 마련하고 있는 농민들에게 도움이 되기를 바라며, 실제 유용미생물 연구가 식물 재배 중 발생할 수 있는 다양한 스트레스에 따른 농가 피해를 감소시킬 효과적 대응 방안으로 이어지길 바란다.
본 논문에서는 각각의 또는 복합적인 생물 ∙ 환경적 스트레스에 대응하여 PGPR 등의 유용한 근권미생물에 의한 식물 저항성 또는 내성 유도 역할과 영향을 주는 요인(Table 1), 이에 의한 식물의 신호전달 체계의 변화에 대해 소개하고(Fig. 1), 이를 통해 급격한 환경변화에 의한 생물 ∙ 환경의 복합적인 스트레스에 대한 식물의 피해를 경감시키기 위한 농업적 활용 방안을 모색하고자 하였다.
유용미생물을 이용한 식물의 저항성 유도는 다양한 생물과 환경 스트레스로부터 식물을 보호하는 데 도움을 주며, 이러한 스트레스에 대한 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 가능성을 열어 주었다. 본 리뷰에서는 식물의 생물과 환경 스트레스에 대한 피해를 감소시키는 데 영향을 주는 미생물의 결정인자에 대해 기술하였으며 미생물 결정인자에 의해 유도되는 식물 신호전달 체계 변화에 대해 기술하였다. 또한 복합 스트레스 경감을 위한 미생물의 역할과 연구 방향에 대해 기술하였다.
성능/효과
BaC1-13, Pseudomonas sp. BaC1-21, BaC1-38의 근권미생물을 이용해 ISR을 유도한 벼에서 X. campestris에 대한 저항성과 염 스트레스에 대한 내성이 함께 유도되었으며, 식물 내 다양한 2차 대사산물의 생성이 증가하였다. 단일 미생물뿐만 아니라 근권미생물 군집도 식물-토양-미생물 상호작용을 통하여 효과적으로 식물에 영향력을 줄 수 있는 요인 중 하나이다(Chaparro 등, 2012).
후속연구
이렇게 다양하게 변화하는 환경에서 친환경적으로 지속가능한 농업을 유지하기 위하여 근권미생물을 이용한 방안이 대두되고 있으며, 앞으로는 근권미생물을 이용한 단일 스트레스 저항성 또는 내성 유도뿐만 아니라, 생물 ∙ 환경 스트레스가 동시에 일어나는 복합 스트레스에 대한 연구도 필요할 것이다. 생물 ∙ 환경의 복합 스트레스에 대한 내성을 동시에 유도하는 근권미생물의 효과와 관련 기작에 대한 연구를 이어간다면, 실제로 기후변화에 따른 농가의 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 효과적인 대응 방안으로 이어질 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.
또한 복합 스트레스 경감을 위한 미생물의 역할과 연구 방향에 대해 기술하였다. 이 리뷰를 통해 변화하는 환경에 대비하기 위해서 다양한 방안을 마련하고 있는 농민들에게 도움이 되기를 바라며, 실제 유용미생물 연구가 식물 재배 중 발생할 수 있는 다양한 스트레스에 따른 농가 피해를 감소시킬 효과적 대응 방안으로 이어지길 바란다.
이와 같은 복합 스트레스는 각각의 단일 조건보다 더 심각한 피해를 불러올 수 있으며, 단일 스트레스에서는 유도되지 않던 다양한 전사 관련 유전적 반응들이 새롭게 일어날 수 있다. 이렇게 다양하게 변화하는 환경에서 친환경적으로 지속가능한 농업을 유지하기 위하여 근권미생물을 이용한 방안이 대두되고 있으며, 앞으로는 근권미생물을 이용한 단일 스트레스 저항성 또는 내성 유도뿐만 아니라, 생물 ∙ 환경 스트레스가 동시에 일어나는 복합 스트레스에 대한 연구도 필요할 것이다. 생물 ∙ 환경의 복합 스트레스에 대한 내성을 동시에 유도하는 근권미생물의 효과와 관련 기작에 대한 연구를 이어간다면, 실제로 기후변화에 따른 농가의 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 효과적인 대응 방안으로 이어질 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.
질의응답
핵심어
질문
논문에서 추출한 답변
기후 이상현상에 따라 식물이 받는 영향은 어떠한가?
식물은 재배기간 동안 세균, 진균, 바이러스 등의 생물 스트레스뿐만 아니라 고온, 염, 건조 등 다양한 환경 스트레스에도 노출되어 왔다. 최근에는 기후 이상현상으로 인하여 환경 스트레스의 빈도 및 강도가 불규칙적으로 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 병원균의 생장과 영향도 변화하여 생물과 환경의 복합 스트레스가 식물 재배에 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 유용미생물을 이용한 식물의 저항성 유도는 다양한 생물과 환경 스트레스로부터 식물을 보호하는 데 도움을 주며, 이러한 스트레스에 대한 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 가능성을 열어 주었다.
극한 기후현상으로 인하여 식물의 생산성에 미치는 영향에는 어떤 것들이 있는가?
이러한 폭염, 가뭄, 홍수와 같은 극한 기후현상으로 일부 생태계, 특히 농업생태계는 심각하게 영향을 받고 있으며, 식물의 생산성에 상당히 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다(Boyer, 1982; Bray 등, 2000). 특히, 식물은 생식기간 중에 고온에 노출되면 생산량이 크게 감소하며(Forni 등, 2016; Verslues 등, 2006), 빈번한 고온 및 다습 조건은 다양한 작물에 피해를 야기하고 있다(Kal 등, 2015; Kang 등, 2016b). 이러한 이상기후로 인해 열대 및 온대지역에서 밀, 쌀 및 옥수수의 수확량이 감소할 것으로 추정되며, 멸종 가능성이 있는 식물 수가 증가하는 등 식량안보에 위협이 될 가능성이 있다(Field 등, 2014).
식물이 받는 스트레스는 어떤 것들이 있는가?
식물은 재배기간 동안 세균, 진균, 바이러스 등의 생물 스트레스뿐만 아니라 고온, 염, 건조 등 다양한 환경 스트레스에도 노출되어 왔다. 최근에는 기후 이상현상으로 인하여 환경 스트레스의 빈도 및 강도가 불규칙적으로 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 병원균의 생장과 영향도 변화하여 생물과 환경의 복합 스트레스가 식물 재배에 큰 영향을 주고 있다.
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