The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of taurine for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at low water temperature ($16.4{\pm}0.36^{\circ}C$). Fish meal (FM)-based diet was used as the control diet. Four other experimental diets were ...
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of taurine for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at low water temperature ($16.4{\pm}0.36^{\circ}C$). Fish meal (FM)-based diet was used as the control diet. Four other experimental diets were prepared by adding taurine to FM-based diet at 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1. 50% (T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively). Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (initial mean body weight, 19.5 g) for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization, hematological parameters, non-specific immune responses, whole-body proximate composition, and liver mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were investigated. Feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced while protein efficiency ratio was significantly increased in taurine-supplemented groups. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were also significantly increased while plasma cholesterol levels were decreased in taurine-supplemented groups than those in the control group. Nitroblue-tetrazolium, myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, and plasma immunoglobulin level were significantly increased by taurine supplementation. These results suggest that dietary taurine supplementation is effective in improving growth performances, feed utilization, and innate immunity of olive flounder in low water temperature season.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of taurine for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at low water temperature ($16.4{\pm}0.36^{\circ}C$). Fish meal (FM)-based diet was used as the control diet. Four other experimental diets were prepared by adding taurine to FM-based diet at 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1. 50% (T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively). Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (initial mean body weight, 19.5 g) for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization, hematological parameters, non-specific immune responses, whole-body proximate composition, and liver mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were investigated. Feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced while protein efficiency ratio was significantly increased in taurine-supplemented groups. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were also significantly increased while plasma cholesterol levels were decreased in taurine-supplemented groups than those in the control group. Nitroblue-tetrazolium, myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, and plasma immunoglobulin level were significantly increased by taurine supplementation. These results suggest that dietary taurine supplementation is effective in improving growth performances, feed utilization, and innate immunity of olive flounder in low water temperature season.
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문제 정의
However, limited information is available on nutrient utilization in suboptimal water temperatures for this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of taurine supplementation on growth, feed utilization, whole-body composition, innate immunity, and liver mRNA expression of IGF-1 of juvenile olive flounder at low water temperatures.
This study suggests that taurine supplementation is effective in improving growth performance, feed efficiencies and innate immunity of juvenile olive flounder in low water temperature season. The suggested taurine supplementation level would be between 1.
제안 방법
At the end of the feeding trial, all the fish in each tank were bulk-weighed and counted for calculation of weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and survival. Four fish per tank (4 fish/tank, 12 fish/diet) were randomly captured 24 h after the last meal, anesthetized with 2-phenoxyethanol solution (200 mg/L), and blood samples were taken from the caudal vein with heparinized syringe for determination of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT) activity.
Levels of IGF-1 transcript were measured by real-time PCR (SYBR Green I), using 18S rRNA as a housekeeping gene. Primers for real-time PCR were designed based on the previously cloned sequence for IGF-1 (NCBI Genbank accession no: AF061278) and 18S rRNA (NCBI Genbank accession no: EF126037) in P. olivaceus. Relative expression ratio of IGF-1 was calculated based on the PCR efficiency (E) and the Ct of a sample versus the control (FM treatment) and expressed in comparison with the reference gene (18S rRNA); according to Pfaffl’s mathematical model (Pfaffl 2001).
1 Relative expression of IGF-1 in livers of olive flounder fed the five experimental diets for 10 weeks. The diets were added with graded levels of taurine by 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% (control, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively). Values are mean of triplicate groups and presented as mean ± S.
2006), but also can improve the health and innate immunity of fish. IGF-1 mRNA expression was assessed in this study as a new parameter to determine whether taurine supplementation might have effect on gene expression. Interestingly, our results showed that IGF-1 mRNA expression level was significantly increased by 1.
JMK and GHTM conducted the feeding trial, analysis, and manuscript preparation. GLBEG, CL, and MGK participated in the analyses of samples and supporting the manuscript preparation.
BJL and JDK read and revised the manuscript. KJL organized, designed, and completed the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
대상 데이터
Olive flounder juveniles were purchased from a private hatchery and transported to Marine and environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea. Fish were adapted to experimental conditions and facilities for 2 weeks.
데이터처리
When ANOVA identifies differences among groups, the difference in means was made with Tukey’s HSD multiple range test.
The diets were assigned by a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS version 11.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). When ANOVA identifies differences among groups, the difference in means was made with Tukey’s HSD multiple range test.
성능/효과
Since the fish were in high stress conditions or challenging environment like in the suboptimal water temperature, if there was any effect of the dietary supplementation it could appear. Results of this study revealed that all the innate immune parameters of olive flounder could apparently be enhanced by dietary taurine supplement especially in a low water temperature condition. Fish in all groups fed taurine showed significantly higher innate immune responses than fish in the control group.
IGF-1 mRNA expression was assessed in this study as a new parameter to determine whether taurine supplementation might have effect on gene expression. Interestingly, our results showed that IGF-1 mRNA expression level was significantly increased by 1.5% taurine supplementation. Some studies have been conducted to determine whether taurine supplementation could affect fish at gene expression level (Kingston et al.
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