Swainsonine (SW) is the principal toxic ingredient of locoweed plants that causes locoism characterized by a disorder of the nervous system. It has also received widespread attention in the medical field for its beneficial anticancer and antitumor activities. Endophytic fungi, Alternaria sect. Undif...
Swainsonine (SW) is the principal toxic ingredient of locoweed plants that causes locoism characterized by a disorder of the nervous system. It has also received widespread attention in the medical field for its beneficial anticancer and antitumor activities. Endophytic fungi, Alternaria sect. Undifilum oxytropis isolated from locoweeds, the plant pathogen Slafractonia leguminicola, and the insect pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae, produce swainsonine. Acquired SW by biofermentation has a certain foreground and research value. This paper mainly summarizes the local and foreign literature published thus far on the swainsonine biosynthesis pathway, and speculates on the possible regulatory enzymes involved in the synthesis pathway within these three fungi in order to provide a new reference for research on swainsonine biosynthesis by endophytic fungi.
Swainsonine (SW) is the principal toxic ingredient of locoweed plants that causes locoism characterized by a disorder of the nervous system. It has also received widespread attention in the medical field for its beneficial anticancer and antitumor activities. Endophytic fungi, Alternaria sect. Undifilum oxytropis isolated from locoweeds, the plant pathogen Slafractonia leguminicola, and the insect pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae, produce swainsonine. Acquired SW by biofermentation has a certain foreground and research value. This paper mainly summarizes the local and foreign literature published thus far on the swainsonine biosynthesis pathway, and speculates on the possible regulatory enzymes involved in the synthesis pathway within these three fungi in order to provide a new reference for research on swainsonine biosynthesis by endophytic fungi.
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가설 설정
anisopliae as well as some key enzymes that regulate SW synthesis. Combining the genome sequencing and functional analysis of A. oxytropis [30], we hypothesize the early steps of the SW biosynthesis pathway in A.oxytropis and some key enzymes that may be involved in the regulation of its synthesis. Production of a mutant A.
[59] found SW and the precursors of SW synthesis in locoweed (Astragalus oxyphysus) through the isotopic tracer method and preliminarily discussed the synthesis mechanism of SW. They hypothesized that the SW synthesis pathway from locoweed plants was similar to that from S.leguminicola and M.anisopliae. A.
제안 방법
oxytropis, the gene sequences of some putative key enzymes involved in the SW biosynthesis pathway have been obtained and some gene knockout experiments are being carried out. The purpose of these studies is mainly related to two aspects; on the one hand, SW production would be increased by gene knockout of putative reverse regulatory enzymes, so that sufficient SW will be provided as a source for medical research for its significant roles in immune regulation and anticancer activity. On the other hand, genes of some putative forward regulatory enzymes will be knocked out to obtain mutants of A.
성능/효과
They knocked out the saccharopine reductase gene through homologous recombination, and the mutant strains produced increased levels of P6C and SW in fermentation liquid of the mutant strains, while the levels of saccharopine and lysine were decreased. These results suggested that P6C and pipecolic acid are precursors in SW synthesis in A.oxytropis, and the pathway is similar to that of S.leguminicola. SDH catalyzes lysine to saccharopine, but saccharopine can also be formed by saccharopine reductase catalyzing P6C.
후속연구
1-Carbonyl indolizidine is a ketone compound. Whether PKS catalyzes L-pipecolic acid to 1-carbonyl indolizidine still requires further research to confirm it. In addition, cytochrome P450 is everywhere and participates in some drug biotransformations, chemical carcinogen metabolism, and some important compound biosynthesis such as steroids and fatty acid.
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