다양한 조합의 적색과 청색 혼합 LED광에서 자란 방울 토마토 묘의 생육과 정식 후 수확량 및 품질 Growth and Development of Cherry Tomato Seedlings Grown under Various Combined Ratios of Red to Blue LED Lights and Fruit Yield and Quality after Transplanting원문보기
적색과 청색광은 식물의 광합성에 효과적인 파장으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 조합의 적색과 청색 LED 혼합광에서 자란 방울 토마토 묘의 생장과 정식 후의 생산량과 품질에 대한 영향을 구명하였다. 파종 후 2주된 방울 토마토 묘(Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Cuty')를 적색(655nm)과 청색(456nm) LED의 다양한 비율의 혼합광[red:blue = 41:59 (59B), 53:47 (47B), 65:35 (35B), 74:26 (26B), 87:13 (13B), or 100:0(0B)]과 형광등(대조구)이 설치된 생장상에 옮겨준 후 $25/20^{\circ}C$ (주/야), 광합성 광량자속 $198.6{\pm}5{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ (12시간)의 조건에서 27일간 육묘하였다. 그 후 방울 토마토를 벤로형 온실에 정식하여 75일동안 재배하였다. 정식 전 육묘 단계에서 27일간 LED 처리된 0B 와 59B 처리구를 제외한 모든 RB 혼합광 처리의 지상부 생체중이 대조구에 비해 높았다. 지상부 건물중과 엽면적 또한 지상부 생체중과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 줄기 신장은 13B, 26B, 35B에서 대조구와 다른 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 가장 높았다. 특히, 26B는 59B처리에 비해 약 3.2배 높은 줄기 신장을 보였다. 정식 후 37일 째에 마딧수는 26B와 47B에서 유의적으로 가장 높았고, 식물 초장은 26B에서 대조구와 59B에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 가장 높은 총 과실 생산량을 보였던 26B는 대조구에 비해 1.6배, 59B에 비해 1.8배 높은 총 과실 생산량을 보였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 적색과 청색 LED의 다양한 혼합 비율이 방울 토마토 묘의 생장 및 발달과 정식 후의 과실 생산량과 같은 생식생장에 영향에 중요한 요소임을 제시한다.
적색과 청색광은 식물의 광합성에 효과적인 파장으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 조합의 적색과 청색 LED 혼합광에서 자란 방울 토마토 묘의 생장과 정식 후의 생산량과 품질에 대한 영향을 구명하였다. 파종 후 2주된 방울 토마토 묘(Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Cuty')를 적색(655nm)과 청색(456nm) LED의 다양한 비율의 혼합광[red:blue = 41:59 (59B), 53:47 (47B), 65:35 (35B), 74:26 (26B), 87:13 (13B), or 100:0(0B)]과 형광등(대조구)이 설치된 생장상에 옮겨준 후 $25/20^{\circ}C$ (주/야), 광합성 광량자속 $198.6{\pm}5{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ (12시간)의 조건에서 27일간 육묘하였다. 그 후 방울 토마토를 벤로형 온실에 정식하여 75일동안 재배하였다. 정식 전 육묘 단계에서 27일간 LED 처리된 0B 와 59B 처리구를 제외한 모든 RB 혼합광 처리의 지상부 생체중이 대조구에 비해 높았다. 지상부 건물중과 엽면적 또한 지상부 생체중과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 줄기 신장은 13B, 26B, 35B에서 대조구와 다른 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 가장 높았다. 특히, 26B는 59B처리에 비해 약 3.2배 높은 줄기 신장을 보였다. 정식 후 37일 째에 마딧수는 26B와 47B에서 유의적으로 가장 높았고, 식물 초장은 26B에서 대조구와 59B에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 가장 높은 총 과실 생산량을 보였던 26B는 대조구에 비해 1.6배, 59B에 비해 1.8배 높은 총 과실 생산량을 보였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 적색과 청색 LED의 다양한 혼합 비율이 방울 토마토 묘의 생장 및 발달과 정식 후의 과실 생산량과 같은 생식생장에 영향에 중요한 요소임을 제시한다.
Red and blue lights are effective wavelengths for photosynthesis in plants. In this study, we determined the effects of various combined ratios of red to blue LEDs on the quality of cherry tomato seedlings prior to transplantation, and their subsequent effects on the yield and quality of tomato frui...
Red and blue lights are effective wavelengths for photosynthesis in plants. In this study, we determined the effects of various combined ratios of red to blue LEDs on the quality of cherry tomato seedlings prior to transplantation, and their subsequent effects on the yield and quality of tomato fruits after transplanting. Two-week-old cherry tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Cuty') were cultivated under various combined ratios of red (R; peak wavelength 655 nm) to blue (B; 456 nm) LEDs [red:blue = 41:59 (59B), 53:47 (47B), 65:35 (35B), 74:26 (26B), 87:13 (13B), or 100:0 (0B)] and fluorescent lamps and raised for 27 days. The cherry tomato seedlings were subsequently transplanted into a venlo-type greenhouse and cultivated for 75 days. At the seedling stage, the shoot fresh weight of seedlings in all RB combined treatments, except 0B and 59B, was higher than that of the control after 27 days of LED treatment. Shoot dry weight and leaf area also showed trends similar to that of shoot fresh weight. The stem length was significantly higher in 13B, 26B, and 35B treatments compared with the control and other treatments. In particular, the stem length of 26B plants was approximately 3.2 times longer than that of 59B plants. At 37 days after transplanting, the number of nodes was significantly higher in 26B and 47B plants, and the plant height of 26B plants was significantly higher than that of control and 59B plants. Total fruit yield in 26B plants, which was the highest, was approximately 1.6 and 1.8 times higher than that in control and 59B plants, respectively. Thus, the results of this study indicate that various combined ratios of red to blue LEDs directly affected to the growth of cherry tomato seedlings and may also affect parameters of reproductive growth such as fruit yield after transplantation.
Red and blue lights are effective wavelengths for photosynthesis in plants. In this study, we determined the effects of various combined ratios of red to blue LEDs on the quality of cherry tomato seedlings prior to transplantation, and their subsequent effects on the yield and quality of tomato fruits after transplanting. Two-week-old cherry tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Cuty') were cultivated under various combined ratios of red (R; peak wavelength 655 nm) to blue (B; 456 nm) LEDs [red:blue = 41:59 (59B), 53:47 (47B), 65:35 (35B), 74:26 (26B), 87:13 (13B), or 100:0 (0B)] and fluorescent lamps and raised for 27 days. The cherry tomato seedlings were subsequently transplanted into a venlo-type greenhouse and cultivated for 75 days. At the seedling stage, the shoot fresh weight of seedlings in all RB combined treatments, except 0B and 59B, was higher than that of the control after 27 days of LED treatment. Shoot dry weight and leaf area also showed trends similar to that of shoot fresh weight. The stem length was significantly higher in 13B, 26B, and 35B treatments compared with the control and other treatments. In particular, the stem length of 26B plants was approximately 3.2 times longer than that of 59B plants. At 37 days after transplanting, the number of nodes was significantly higher in 26B and 47B plants, and the plant height of 26B plants was significantly higher than that of control and 59B plants. Total fruit yield in 26B plants, which was the highest, was approximately 1.6 and 1.8 times higher than that in control and 59B plants, respectively. Thus, the results of this study indicate that various combined ratios of red to blue LEDs directly affected to the growth of cherry tomato seedlings and may also affect parameters of reproductive growth such as fruit yield after transplantation.
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문제 정의
However, most of these studies have compared limited ratios of red and blue LEDs or have been conducted with young tomato plants (seedlings), and have not examined responses after transplantation. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of various combined ratios of red to blue LEDs on the growth and development of cherry tomato seedlings and to analyze the effects of different quality tomato seedlings on fruit yield and quality after transplanting.
제안 방법
Table 1. Growth characteristics of cherry tomato seedlings nursed under various combined ratios of red and blue LEDs at 27 days of treatment (n = 4).
Light quality plays a crucial role in the yield (growth) and quality of crops. In this study, we examined the effects of various ratios of red to blue LEDs, which are common artificial light conditions in closed-type plant production systems, on the growth characteristics of cherry tomato seedlings and the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes after transplanting. RB combinations with 13%~47% blue LEDs have a positive influence on growth characteristics such as shoot fresh and dry weights and plant height of cherry tomato seedlings compared with the control (fluorescent lamps).
1. Relative spectral distribution of various combinations of red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used in this study. (A) control (fluorescent lamp + high pressure sodium lamp), (B), red:blue = 100:0, (C) red:blue = 87:13, (D) red:blue = 74:26, (E) red:blue = 65:35, (F) red:blue = 53:47, (G) red:blue = 41:59.
, Incheon, Korea) LEDs used to cultivate cherry tomato seedlings had peak wavelengths at 655 nm and 456 nm, respectively. Six different light treatments were established by combining R and B LEDs as follows: R:B = 41:59 (59B), 53:47 (47B), 65:35 (35B), 74:26 (26B), 87:13 (13B), and 100:0 (0B) which was expressed based on photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The light spectra of fluorescent lamps with high-pressure lamps (FL + HPS; control treatment) and the LED treatments were measured using a portable spectroradiometer (LI-1800; Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE, USA) at 2-nm intervals in the range of 300 to 1000 nm, and presented as relative light intensity (%) (Fig.
To determine the effect of combined red and blue LED ratios (before transplanting), four cherry tomato seedlings per treatment were used to determine all growth characteristics and chlorophyll contents (SPAD value). To analyze the growth characteristics and total fruit yield of cherry tomato plants after transplanting, three replicates were used for each treatment.
To determine the growth characteristics of cherry tomato seedlings raised under various combined red and blue LEDs, the fresh weights of shoots and roots were measured using an electronic balance (SI-234; Denver Instrument, USA) after 27 days of LED treatment. The dry weights of shoots and roots, dried in an oven (VS1202D3; Vision Science, Daejeon, Korea) at 70℃ for 72 h, were measured using the electronic balance.
3 ± 5μmol·m-2·s-1, and photoperiod 12 h. Tomato seedlings (64 seedlings per treatment) were transferred to growth chambers (DS-51GLP; Dasol Scientific, Hwaseong, Korea) equipped with LED lighting sources and cultivated for 27 days. Growth conditions for all treatments were maintained at an air temperature of 25/20℃ (day/night), photoperiod of 12 h, and PPFD of 198.
대상 데이터
To verify the effect of cherry tomato seedlings grown under various combined red and blue LEDs on tomato yield, the seedlings were transplanted into a venlo-type greenhouse located in Gimje, South Korea, and cultivated there for 75 days. Twelve cherry tomato seedlings from each LED treatment were transplanted into three bags containing cocopeat substrate (90 × 15 × 12 cm, Cocomix, Korea).
데이터처리
Fruit characteristics such as fruit weight and size, soluble solids content, and total acidity were determined by using six fruits per plant. ANOVA was performed using the SAS 9.2 statistical analysis system (SAS Institute, USA). Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare the means among treatments.
Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare the means among treatments.
yMean separation within column’s by Duncan’s multiple range test.
성능/효과
This can be explained by differences in the responses of different plant species and cultivars to light quality, which has been reviewed in LED-related studies (Gupta and Jatoth, 2013). Compared with the control (FL), most of the combined red and blue LED treatments used in this study (i.e., RB treatment with 53%~87% red light) enhanced the growth of tomato, demonstrating the potential use of LEDs for the production of tomato seedlings.
They demonstrated that an excessively high ratio of blue light (59%) inhibited growth, and that an increasing ratio of blue LEDs resulted in a gradual decrease in fresh and dry weights and leaf area. In the study, lettuce irradiated with 0B (100% of red light) showed the highest fresh weight, although the leaf shape was atypical, whereas tomato seedlings under the same treatment showed significantly inhibited growth. This can be explained by differences in the responses of different plant species and cultivars to light quality, which has been reviewed in LED-related studies (Gupta and Jatoth, 2013).
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