Recently, research on the processing of raw functional materials with the aim of improving various physiological activities has been conducted. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of royal jelly (RJ) hydrolysates obtained from three commercial proteases. Enzyme-treated royal jell...
Recently, research on the processing of raw functional materials with the aim of improving various physiological activities has been conducted. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of royal jelly (RJ) hydrolysates obtained from three commercial proteases. Enzyme-treated royal jelly (ERJ), in which the RJ hydrolysates were converted into easy-to-absorb shorter chain monomers through the removal of two known allergen proteins, showed no difference in the content of (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoicacid (10-HDA) or the freshness parameter and showed a significant increase in total free amino acid content. The antioxidant activity of ERJ was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and chemical assays. The ERJ showed about 80% DPPH-radical scavenging activity at same concentration of ascorbic acid. The antioxidant effect of ERJ was confirmed to be due to reduction of intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-treated macrophages. Moreover, ERJ significantly increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, these antioxidant activities of ERJ were stronger than those of non-treated RJ. These findings indicate that ERJ has high potential as an antioxidant agent for use in human and animal diets.
Recently, research on the processing of raw functional materials with the aim of improving various physiological activities has been conducted. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of royal jelly (RJ) hydrolysates obtained from three commercial proteases. Enzyme-treated royal jelly (ERJ), in which the RJ hydrolysates were converted into easy-to-absorb shorter chain monomers through the removal of two known allergen proteins, showed no difference in the content of (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoicacid (10-HDA) or the freshness parameter and showed a significant increase in total free amino acid content. The antioxidant activity of ERJ was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and chemical assays. The ERJ showed about 80% DPPH-radical scavenging activity at same concentration of ascorbic acid. The antioxidant effect of ERJ was confirmed to be due to reduction of intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-treated macrophages. Moreover, ERJ significantly increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, these antioxidant activities of ERJ were stronger than those of non-treated RJ. These findings indicate that ERJ has high potential as an antioxidant agent for use in human and animal diets.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
In this study, RJ was converted into an easy-to-absorb shorter chain monomer using three commercial protease enzymes. The objective of this study was to prepare ERJ hydrolysates using protease enzymes and to evaluate the antioxidant effect of ERJ on peritoneal macrophages obtained from mice.
가설 설정
, 2004) and to cause acute bronchial asthma, skin hypersensitivity, and colitis. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether these allergen-induced proteins were removed and the level of 10-HAD was changed by enzyme treatment.
제안 방법
To investigate the antioxidant activity of ERJ, macrophages was treated with ERJ or RJ, followed by LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h.
데이터처리
All values were expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical differences among experimental groups were assessed with Student`s t-test for two groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison among more than two groups.
성능/효과
, 2008). In this study, SOD and GSH production in cells treated with LPS alone were significantly decreased, whereas ERJ significantly increased their production in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to treatment with the same concentration (100 μg/mL) of RJ, treatment with ERJ resulted in higher SOD and GSH production (Fig.
, 1989). The experimental results showed that ROS and NO production after treatment with LPS alone significantly increased compared with non-treated cells. However, ROS and NO production in ERJ and LPS co-treated cells significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner.
The results obtained in this study demonstrate that ERJ is a bioactive compound based on its excellent antioxidant activities. In this study, when two allergen-inducing proteins were removed from ERJ, there was the increase in total amino acid content compared to non-treated RJ.
참고문헌 (31)
Andrikopoulos S Blair AR Deluca N Fam BC Proietto J Evaluating the glucose tolerance test in mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008 295 E1323 1332 10.1152/ajpendo.90617.2008 18812462
Aurora N Lanzuise S Ruocco M Arlotti G Ranieri R Knutsen SH Lorito M Fogliano V Treatment of Cereal Products with a Tailored Preparation of Trichoderma Enzymes Increases the Amount of Soluble Dietary Fiber J Agric Food Chem 2006 54 7863 7869 10.1021/jf0612777 17002463
Celira CS Marcucci MC Quantitative determination of trans-10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid (10-HDA) in Brazilian royal jelly and commercial products containing royal jelly J Apic Res 2015 46 149 153
Chen J Gao D Yang L Gao Y Effect of microfluidization process on the functional properties of insoluble dietary fiber J Food Res 2013 54 1821 1827 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.025
Creppy EE Chakor K Fisher MJ Dirheimer G The mycotoxin ochratoxin A is a substrate for phenylalanine hydroxylase in isolated rat hepatocytes and in vivo Arch Toxicol 1989 64 279 284
Emerit J Beaumont C Trivin F Iron metabolism, free radicals, and oxidative injury' Biomed Pharmacother 2001 55 333 339 10.1016/S0753-3322(01)00068-3 11478586
Fan YJ Gittis AH Juge F Qiu C Xu YZ Rabinow L Multifunctional RNA processing protein SRm160 induces apoptosis and regulates eye and genital development in Drosophila Genetics 2014 197 1251 1265 10.1534/genetics.114.164434 24907259
Guo H Saiga A Sato M Miyazawz I Shibata M Takahata Y Morimatsu F Royal jelly supplementation improves lipoprotein metabolism in human J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2007 53 345 348 10.3177/jnsv.53.345 17934240
Iwao O Taniguchi Y Kunikata T Kohno K Iwaki K Ikeda M Kurimoto M Major royal jelly protein 3 modulates immune responses in vitro and in vivo Life Sci 2003 73 2029 2045 10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00562-9 12899927
Jozef Š Bíliková K Kováčová E Kuzmová Z Schroder W Immunochemical Approach to Detection of Adulteration in Honey: Physiologically Active Royal Jelly Protein Stimulating TNF-r Release Is a Regular Component of Honey J Agric Food Chem 2004 52 2154 2158 10.1021/jf034777y 15080614
Keizo K Okamoto I Sano O Arai N Iwaki K Ikeda M Kurimoto M Royal Jelly Inhibits the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Activated Macrophages Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2004 68 138 145 10.1271/bbb.68.138 14745176
Kim JH Son IS Kim JS Kim KH Kwon CS Lipase-Inhibitory and Anti-Oxidative Activity of the Methanol Extract and the Powder of Phellinus linteus J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2008 37 154 161 10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.2.154
Kim JM Han SM Cho ML Lee KG Lee ML Lee MY Woo SO Hong IP Sim HS Choi YS Characterization of Water Soluble Royal Jelly Removed Allergenic protein J Apic 2013 28 19 23
Lebesi DM Tzia C Use of endoxylanase treated cereal brans for development of dietary fiber enriched cakes J Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 2012 13 207 214 10.1016/j.ifset.2011.08.001
Liu L Wen W Zhang R Wei Z Deng Y Xiao J Zhang M Complex enzyme hydrolysis releases antioxidative phenolics from rice bran Food Chem 2017 214 1 8 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.038 27507440
Lopes PA Pinheiro T Santos MC Mathias ML Collares-Pereira MJ Viegas-Crespo M Response of antioxidant enzymes in freshwater fish populations (Leuciscus alburnoides complex) to inorganic pollutants exposure The Sci Total Environ 2001 280 53 163
Ma M Mu T Modification of deoiled cumin dietary fiber with laccase and cellulase under high hydrostatic pressure Carbohydr Polym 2016 136 87 94 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.030 26572332
Outi S Kiran A Sozer N Poutanen K Nordlund E Enzymatic modification and particle size reduction of wheat bran improves the mechanical properties and structure of bran-enriched expanded extrudates J Cereal Sci 2014 60 448 456 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.04.003
Raghavendra SN Ramachandra Swamy SR Rastogi NK Raghavarao KSMS Kumar S Tharanathan RN Grinding characteristics and hydration properties of coconut residue: A source of dietary fiber J Food Eng 2006 72 281 286 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.12.008
Rosmilah M Shahnaz M Patel G Lock J Rahman D Masita A Noormalin A Characterization of major allergens of royal jelly Apis mellifera Trop Biomed 2008 25 243 251 19287364
Saiga A Tanabe S Nishimura T Antioxidant Activity of Peptides Obtained from Porcine Myofibrillar Proteins by Protease Treatment J Agric Food Chem 2003 51 3661 3667 10.1021/jf021156g 12769542
Sangnarka A Noomhorm A Effect of particle sizes on functional properties of dietary fibre prepared from sugarcane bagasse Food Chem 2003 80 221 229 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00257-1
Suguru F Jiro I Mineko F Tomoko Y Takuji K Kumpei K A Potent Antibacterial Protein in Royal Jelly J Biol Chem 1990 265 11333 11337 2358464
Sver L Orsolic N Tadic Z Njari B Valpotic I Basic I A Royal Jelly as a New Potential Immunomodulator in Rats and Mice Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1996 19 31 38 10.1016/0147-9571(95)00020-8 8654043
Takeshi N Sakaia M Inoue R Inoue H Suzuki N Antioxidative activities of some commercially honeys, royal jelly, and propolis Food Chem 2001 75 237 240 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00193-5
Tamura S Toru K Chika H Kikuji Y Takanori M Estimation and characterisation of major royal jelly proteins obtained from the honeybee Apis merifera Food Chem 2009 114 1491 1497 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.058
Viuda-Martos M Ruiz-Navajas Y Fernandez-Lopez J Perez-Alvarez JA Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly J Food Sci 2008 73 R117 R124 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00966.x 19021816
Wang L Zhang Y Gao P Shi D Liu H Gao H Changes in the structural properties and rate of hydrolysis of cotton fibers during extended enzymatic hydrolysis Biotechnol Bioeng 2006 93 443 456 10.1002/bit.20730 16196052
Yoko M Yoshinao S Toshiya T Takahiko T Tatsuya M Mariko S Major royal jelly protein 3 as a possible allergen in royal jelly-induced anaphylaxis J Dermatol 2011 38 1079 1081 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01179.x 22034993
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.