The dung beetle, Copris tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is an endangered insect in South Korea. Previously, partial mitochondrial COI and CytB gene sequences have been used to infer genetic diversity and gene flow of this species in South Korea. In this study, we additionally collected C. tr...
The dung beetle, Copris tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is an endangered insect in South Korea. Previously, partial mitochondrial COI and CytB gene sequences have been used to infer genetic diversity and gene flow of this species in South Korea. In this study, we additionally collected C. tripartitus (n = 35) from one previous locality and two new localities, sequenced COI and CytB genes, and combined these with preexisting data for population genetic analysis. Sequence divergence of current samples showed slightly lower values [4.86% (32 bp) for COI and 4.16% (18 bp) for CytB] than that in the previous study. Nucleotide diversity (${\pi}$) ranged from 0.005336 (Gulupdo) to 0.020756 (Seogwi-dong) in COI and 0.009060 (Aewol-eup) to 0.017464 (Seogwi-dong) in CytB. Seogwi-dong samples that showed the highest ${\pi}$ in the previous study also showed the highest ${\pi}$ in this study for both gene sequences. The newly investigated Gulupdo samples had the lowest haplotype diversity for both gene sequences. They also had the lowest ${\pi}$ for COI and the second lowest ${\pi}$ for CytB. On the other hand, the newly added Haean-dong sample had relatively higher diversity estimates. Gene flow among populations was high, although significant difference was only detected between Gulupdo and Anmado or between Gulupdo and Seogwi-dong for COI sequences (P < 0.05). Considering the high genetic diversity and gene flow in C. tripartitus populations, one major issue regarding conservation seems not to be recovery of genetic diversity.
The dung beetle, Copris tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is an endangered insect in South Korea. Previously, partial mitochondrial COI and CytB gene sequences have been used to infer genetic diversity and gene flow of this species in South Korea. In this study, we additionally collected C. tripartitus (n = 35) from one previous locality and two new localities, sequenced COI and CytB genes, and combined these with preexisting data for population genetic analysis. Sequence divergence of current samples showed slightly lower values [4.86% (32 bp) for COI and 4.16% (18 bp) for CytB] than that in the previous study. Nucleotide diversity (${\pi}$) ranged from 0.005336 (Gulupdo) to 0.020756 (Seogwi-dong) in COI and 0.009060 (Aewol-eup) to 0.017464 (Seogwi-dong) in CytB. Seogwi-dong samples that showed the highest ${\pi}$ in the previous study also showed the highest ${\pi}$ in this study for both gene sequences. The newly investigated Gulupdo samples had the lowest haplotype diversity for both gene sequences. They also had the lowest ${\pi}$ for COI and the second lowest ${\pi}$ for CytB. On the other hand, the newly added Haean-dong sample had relatively higher diversity estimates. Gene flow among populations was high, although significant difference was only detected between Gulupdo and Anmado or between Gulupdo and Seogwi-dong for COI sequences (P < 0.05). Considering the high genetic diversity and gene flow in C. tripartitus populations, one major issue regarding conservation seems not to be recovery of genetic diversity.
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제안 방법
In this study, we additionally sampled 35 C. tripartitus from one previous locality and two new localities in 2016 and sequence data of each COI and CytB sequences were combined with pre-existing sequences of each COI and CytB sequences for extended population genetic analysis. In detail, we tested the previous finding that there are two genetic groups in Korea with the increased sample size.
The analysis was conducted by heuristic search using a tree-bisection–reconnection for branch-swapping algorithm with the following parameters: steepest descent option not in effect, stepwise addition option for starting tree, number of trees held at each step during stepwise addition for one, and initial “MaxTrees” set to 100.
대상 데이터
After obtaining collection permission, a total of 35 adult C. tripartitus were sampled from Dunnae-myeon, Hoengseong-gun, Gangwondo Province (locality 1), Gulupdo, Ongjin-gun, Incheon City (locality 2), and Haean-dong, Jeju-si, Jejudo Province (locality 4) (Table 1 and Fig. 1) from July 2016 to August 2016. DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing were performed following published procedure (Kang et al.
이론/모형
(1992). Distances between DNA sequences were calculated with Kimura 2-parameters method (Kimura, 1980).
To determine relationships among haplotypes and detect any discernable groups in connection with geographic distribution, phylogenetic analyses were conducted via the maximum-parsimony (MP) method (Fitch, 1971) using PAUP* (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony and Other Method*) ver. 4.0b10 (Swofford, 2002). The analysis was conducted by heuristic search using a tree-bisection–reconnection for branch-swapping algorithm with the following parameters: steepest descent option not in effect, stepwise addition option for starting tree, number of trees held at each step during stepwise addition for one, and initial “MaxTrees” set to 100.
성능/효과
A total of 29 COI haplotypes and 19 CytB haplotypes were obtained by sequencing 658 bp of COI gene and 433 bp of CytB gene from 35 individuals of C. tripartitus (Table 1). Haplotype diversity ranged from 0.
0 (Table 2). The highest diversity was found in Haean-dong, Nohyung-dong, and Aewol-eup (localities 4, 6, and 7, respectively) for COI and Nohyung-dong for CytB whereas the lowest diversity was found in Dunnae-myeon and Gulupdo (localities 1 and 2) for COI and Gulupdo for CytB. Nucleotide diversity (π) was the highest in Seogwi-dong (locality 5) for both COI and CytB gene sequences (π = 0.
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