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제안 방법
- For each location, we obtained the necessary permission to collect from the respective offices. For the collected samples, we examined several morphological characteristics such as forewing length, body length, and wing pattern element to identify existing distinctions among the populations. The measurements were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) using JMP software ver.
- In this study, using the Illumina paired-end sequencing technique, we newly developed 12 microsatellite markers from P. bremeri, which represents a first for this species. Given the limited access to this endangered species, coupled with its rarity, the results of the population genetic analysis of P.
- To amplify the DNA barcoding region, PCR was performed under the following conditions: an initial denaturation step at 94°C for 7 min; 30 cycles of 94°C for 1 min, 50°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 1 min; and a final extension step of 72°C for 7 min.
대상 데이터
- Adults of P. bremeri were sampled from three localities (Uiseong, Gyeongsangbuk-do; Yeongdong, Chungcheongbuk-do; and Samcheok, Gangwon-do; Fig. 1) in South Korea during June 2015. Detailed description and coordinates are being omitted to ensure the protection of the insect species.
- bremeri. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina paired-end library and 300 bp paired-end reads were generated through the Illumina Mi-Seq platform, resulting in a total of 32,409,252 reads (Table 3). Also, the total number of scaffolds was 991,751, with an average scaffold length of 409.
- The primers for the COI gene were adapted from Folmer et al. (1994): LCO1490 (5'-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3') and HCO2198 (5'-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3').
데이터처리
- For the collected samples, we examined several morphological characteristics such as forewing length, body length, and wing pattern element to identify existing distinctions among the populations. The measurements were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) using JMP software ver. 11.1.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, N.C., USA). The statistical significance of pairwise comparisons on forewing length among populations was evaluated by the Tukey-Kramer HSD test.
- The significance of the FST and RST after adjustment using the Bonferroni correction was obtained using Fisher’s exact test based on 10,000 permutations.
- , USA). The statistical significance of pairwise comparisons on forewing length among populations was evaluated by the Tukey-Kramer HSD test. Considering majority of specimens were males (9 out of 10 from Uiseong, 8 out of 10 from Yeongdong, and 16 out of 20 individuals from Samcheok populations) only males were included for the analysis.
이론/모형
- 5 (Peakall and Smouse, 2012). Genotypic linkage disequilibrium (LD) between all pairs of loci, as well as deviation of genotypic frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), were tested using GENEPOP Web ver. 4.2 (Raymond and Rousset, 1995; Rousset, 2008) by the Markov-chain approach modified from Guo and Thompson (1992) with 10,000 steps of dememorization and iteration. The 95% significance levels for both HWE and LD tests were adjusted using a Bonferroni correction (Rice, 1989).
- 2 (Raymond and Rousset, 1995; Rousset, 2008) by the Markov-chain approach modified from Guo and Thompson (1992) with 10,000 steps of dememorization and iteration. The 95% significance levels for both HWE and LD tests were adjusted using a Bonferroni correction (Rice, 1989). FST, which is estimated based on the infinite allele model of mutation (Weir and Cockerham, 1984) and RST, estimated based on the sum of squared size difference, assuming a stepwise mutation process (Slatkin, 1995) were calculated using Arlequin v.
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