[논문]간호대학생의 외모만족과 학교생활적응: 자아존중감의 매개효과와 성별의 조절효과

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doi:10.5392/jkca.2018.18.07.302

간호대학생의 외모만족과 학교생활적응: 자아존중감의 매개효과와 성별의 조절효과
Appearance Satisfaction and School Adjustment in Nursing Students: Mediating Effect of Self-esteem and Moderating Effect of Gender 원문보기

한국콘텐츠학회논문지 = The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, v.18 no.7, 2018년, pp.302 - 312

초록
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본 연구는 간호대학생들의 외모만족과 학교생활적응의 관계를 조사하고 자아존중감과 성별의 매개 또는 조절효과 파악을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구는 서술적 상관관계 연구로서 연구대상자는 D시에 소재한 간호대학에 재학하고 있는 188명의 학생을 대상으로 하였다. 분석결과 외모만족은 학교생활적응에 직접적인 영향을 주었고 자아존중감을 통해 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 자아존중감은 외모만족과 학교생활 적응의 관계에서 부분 매개효과가 있었다. 또한 성별은 외모만족과 자아존중감 사이에서 조절효과가 있었으나 외모만족과 학교생활적응, 자아존중감과 학교생활적응 사이에서는 조절효과가 유의하지 않았다. 그리고 여학생이 남학생보다 외모만족이 자아존중감에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 간호대학생들의 학교생활적응을 증진하기 위한 전략으로 외모에 대한 긍정적 인식을 증진하고 자아존중감의 강화가 필요함을 의미하며 여학생을 대상으로 특화된 프로그램의 필요성을 제시하고 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between appearance satisfaction and school adjustment of nursing students. The role of self-esteem and gender in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and school adjustment were also examined. A descriptive correlational design was adopted and the convenience sample consisted of 188 undergraduate nursing students in D city. It was found that appearance satisfaction affected directly and indirectly through self-esteem on school adjustment. The results indicated that self-esteem had partial mediation effects in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and school adjustment. Moderation effect of gender was found only in the relationship between appearance satisfaction and self-esteem. This meant that women were affected more than men according to the level of appearance satisfaction. The results suggested that the intervention program to support nursing students to accept themselves more positively and to enhance their self-esteem will be effective to help nursing students adjust themselves more to school life. It was also indicated in this study that specialized intervention programs are needed for women.

주제어

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문제 정의

This study adopted a descriptive correlational design to identify the relationship between appearance satisfaction and school adjustment of nursing students. Additionally, the study explored the mediation effect of self-esteem and moderation effect of gender.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between appearance satisfaction and school adjustment of nursing students and to verify the effect of self-esteem and gender in the relationship between them. The specific objectives of the current study are as follows.
This literature review provided the conceptual foundation for this study. The study framework was developed to examine the effects of appearance satisfaction on self-esteem and school adjustment, and the effect of self-esteem on school adjustment.

제안 방법

The data was collected from May to June 2015. Before the survey was conducted, the subjects should be provided with information about the purpose and methods of this study, rights of participants, anonymity, and confidentiality. After receiving the written consent to voluntary participation, the survey was carried out.
Fifth, Residual analysis was performed in order to check the independence of error, the homoscedasticity, and the normality.
First, general characteristics, appearance satisfaction, self-esteem and school adjustment of the subjects were calculated using descriptive statistics.
The moderation effect of gender was analyzed using SPSS PROCESS macro. First, mediation analysis using Model 5 of the macro was performed to estimate indirect effect through self-esteem and conditional direct effect of appearance satisfaction on school adjustment. Next, moderation analysis using Model 7 and Model 14 of the macro was carried out to determine conditional indirect effect of appearance satisfaction on school adjustment through gender and direct effect of appearance satisfaction on school adjustment.
Fourth, SPSS PROCESS macro with 10,000 bootstrapping replications was adopted to analyze mediation effect of self-esteem and moderation effect of gender. It was confirmed that the sample represented the gender composition of the population before the analysis.
It is meaningful that this study analyzed the relationship among appearance satisfaction, self-esteem and school adjustment in nursing students by applying moderated mediation model. However, interpretations of the results should be taken carefully considering limitations of study such as limited survey area, gender ratio, and others.
First, mediation analysis using Model 5 of the macro was performed to estimate indirect effect through self-esteem and conditional direct effect of appearance satisfaction on school adjustment. Next, moderation analysis using Model 7 and Model 14 of the macro was carried out to determine conditional indirect effect of appearance satisfaction on school adjustment through gender and direct effect of appearance satisfaction on school adjustment. The results showed that the moderation effect of gender was significant only in Model 7 but was not significant in Model 5 and Model 14.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between appearance satisfaction and school adjustment in nursing students, and to analyze the mediation effect of self-esteem and the moderation effect of gender. The result indicated that appearance satisfaction positively affected school adjustment, and self-esteem showed partial mediation effect.
This literature review provided the conceptual foundation for this study. The study framework was developed to examine the effects of appearance satisfaction on self-esteem and school adjustment, and the effect of self-esteem on school adjustment. The conceptual framework with three variables is depicted in [Fig.
This study adopted a descriptive correlational design to identify the relationship between appearance satisfaction and school adjustment of nursing students. Additionally, the study explored the mediation effect of self-esteem and moderation effect of gender.

대상 데이터

The subjects of this study were selected among the students who attended the nursing colleges in D city and understood the purpose of the study and agreed to participate in the study. Convenience sampling technique was applied to recruit participants.

데이터처리

Second, independent t-test or ANOVA was applied to determine the difference of appearance satisfaction, self-esteem and school adjustment according to general characteristics.
Third, the relationship between appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, and school adjustment was measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

이론/모형

Appearance satisfaction was measured using the scale revised by Chae[21] based on the Body Cathexis Scale developed by Secord and Jourard[22]. Appearance satisfaction is defined as the degree of feeling of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the various parts or processes of the body[22].
Self-esteem is one’s own feeling of worthiness[23]. It was assessed using the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) which was made by Rosenberg[23] and translated by Cheon[24]. The SES was composed of 5 items of positive self-esteem and 5 items of negative self-esteem.
School adjustment is to set up a new culture and lifestyle through college life experiences, and to cope with the psychological, social, and personal problems facing oneself[25]. The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) was used to evaluate the level of school adjustment. The SACQ was developed by Baker and Siryk[25], and translated by Hyun[26].

성능/효과

The results of the current study suggest that nursing students should be more positive about their appearance and that strategies are needed to enhance their self-esteem in order to help them adapt to school life. For this purpose, it would be an effective strategy to develop and implement various intervention programs to enhance the appearance satisfaction of nursing students.

후속연구

Taking into the emphasis on appearance is spreading increasingly amongst men as well as women, it is likely that men will also have more interest on his appearance. Further research is necessary for better understanding the moderation effect of gender in the context of this social trends.

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