[논문]여성장애인의 장애유형별 자녀양육역량, 양육스트레스, 회복탄력성, 사회적 지지에 대한 잠재평균분석

이유리

doi:10.15207/jkcs.2019.10.1.291

여성장애인의 장애유형별 자녀양육역량, 양육스트레스, 회복탄력성, 사회적 지지에 대한 잠재평균분석
Latent Means Analysis of Parenting Competency, Parenting stress, Resilience, Social support according to the disability types among disabled women 원문보기

한국융합학회논문지 = Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, v.10 no.1, 2019년, pp.291 - 298

초록
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본 연구의 목적은 잠재평균분석을 활용하여 여성장애인의 자녀양육역량, 양육스트레스, 회복탄력성, 사회적 지지 수준이 장애유형(정신장애, 신체장애)에 따라 차이가 있는지 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 여성장애인의 장애유형에 따라 정신장애 167명, 신체장애 132명으로 구분하고 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 양육스트레스와 사회적 지지 수준은 정신장애 여성에서 더 높게, 자녀양육역량과 회복탄력성은 신체장애 여성에서 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 장애유형에 따라 차별화된 실천적 정책적 개입전략을 제시하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study aimed to examine disabled women to determine whether differences existed in parenting stress, resilience, social support, and parenting competency based on the disability type using an latent means analysis. The research data was sampled from 167 mentally disabled women and 132 physically disabled women. Parenting stress and social support had higher latent means in the mentally disabled women. Parenting competence and resilience had higher latent means in the physically disabled women. The results of this study suggested that differentiated, practical intervention approaches should be implemented for each disability type.

주제어

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문제 정의

On the above results, this study will propose a practical approach that differentiates parenting competency support systems based on disability type in disabled women.
The aim of this study is to be employed as a policy tool for classifying support systems based on disability types in disabled women. This study is academically meaningful in that it attempted a differentiated approach that accounts for characteristics of disability types, which were not examined in the existing studies, by comparing differences in parenting competency, parenting stress, resilience, and social support based on disability type.
Preceding research has revealed that there are various influencing factors on the parenting competency among disabled women; those include factors related to psychological factors such as parenting stress and resilience [10,11], familial relationship factors such as spouse support, relationship with children, and family communication, and social factors such as surrounding help, and professional support [10, 12-14]. This study focuses on parenting stress, resilience, and social support. Also, internal and external studies on parenting competency up until now have not taken into account differences based on disability types among disabled women, and therefore this study will analyze differences in the primary factors related to the parenting process based on characteristics for each disability type among disabled women, and will propose differentiated, practical interventions for each disability type.

제안 방법

This study focuses on parenting stress, resilience, and social support. Also, internal and external studies on parenting competency up until now have not taken into account differences based on disability types among disabled women, and therefore this study will analyze differences in the primary factors related to the parenting process based on characteristics for each disability type among disabled women, and will propose differentiated, practical interventions for each disability type.
The first validation is for configural invariance. For this, the baseline model, in which the correlations between the latent variables were accepted and had flexible parameter estimation, was chosen and analyzed. In comparative model, configural invariance was validated at a significant level.
4 in the confirmatory factor analysis[27] were used to measure parenting competency. The respondents were asked to rate the items on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater parenting competency. The scale's reliability was Cronbach's α = 0.
In the research, out of the twenty items from the original study, sixteen items that satisfied the criteria of factor analyses[27] were used to measure parenting stress. The respondents were asked to rate the items on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater parenting stress. The scale's reliability was Cronbach's α = 0.
In the research, out of the eleven items from the original study, eight items that satisfied the criteria of factor analyses[27] were used to measure social support. The respondents were asked to rate the items on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater social support. The scale's reliability was Cronbach's α = 0.
The aim of this study is to be employed as a policy tool for classifying support systems based on disability types in disabled women. This study is academically meaningful in that it attempted a differentiated approach that accounts for characteristics of disability types, which were not examined in the existing studies, by comparing differences in parenting competency, parenting stress, resilience, and social support based on disability type.
This study was limited to a certain area, it has external validity limitations to generalize the results to a national level. In future research, the study area should be expanded, and the types of disability could be diversified.

대상 데이터

A total of 320 questionnaires were collected from January to April of 2017, and a total of 299 were used in the analysis, which is excluding 21 questionnaires that contained undependable responses. 132 subjects with a physical disability and 167 subjects with a mental disability were used in the final analysis. The average age of mothers was 41.
Purposive sampling was done from institutions that cooperated with a questionnaire including psychiatric hospitals, community mental health centers for mentally disabled women, and rehabilitation facilities and associations of disabled women for physically disabled women. A total of 320 questionnaires were collected from January to April of 2017, and a total of 299 were used in the analysis, which is excluding 21 questionnaires that contained undependable responses. 132 subjects with a physical disability and 167 subjects with a mental disability were used in the final analysis.
The present study was carried out after receiving approval from the IRB of N University. The subjects of this study included mentally disabled women with a psychotic or mood disorder, and physically disabled women with visual impairment or brain lesions, who had one or more children between 5 and 15 years old. The reason for limiting the age of children to between 5 and 15 years old is that the mother's role is accentuated in supporting social activities such as the child's school life and peer relationships during those duration.

이론/모형

Parenting competency was measured using the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale(PSOC), which developed by Johnston & Mash[26] and validated by Sung[13].
Parenting stress was measured using the Parenting Stress Scale, which developed by Abidin[28] and validated by Sin[29]. In the research, out of the twenty items from the original study, sixteen items that satisfied the criteria of factor analyses[27] were used to measure parenting stress.
Resilience was measured using the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, which consists of 25 items[30]. We applied 12 items that satisfied the criteria of factor analyses[27].
Social support was measured using the Social Support Scale, which validated by Kim[2]. In the research, out of the eleven items from the original study, eight items that satisfied the criteria of factor analyses[27] were used to measure social support.

성능/효과

First, parenting stress had a higher latent means in the mentally disabled women group compared to the physically disabled women group. This supports the results of preceding studies [1, 15], and thus parenting stress should be treated as an important factor for mentally disabled women.
Fourth, differences in parenting competency were the largest between two groups, and thus various practical intervention is needed for the programs that strengthen parenting competency in mentally disabled women. To this end, we should implement family education for improving family functions, and should reinforce the strengths as nurturing providers instead of the frustration and helplessness.
Fourth, parenting competence had a higher latent means in the physically disabled women group than in the mentally disabled women group. This is a newly deduced result in contrast to preceding studies which suggests that when putting intervention into action for strengthening parenting competency, systematic analysis is needed on the causes of large differences in parenting competency levels based on disability types among mothers, and that focused mediation measures are increasingly needed for strengthening parenting competency in mentally disabled women in particular.
The items were categorized as three sub-factors: hardiness, optimism, and patience. Respondents were asked to rate the items on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater resilience. The reliability of the scale was Cronbach's α = 0.
Second, resilience in the physically disabled women group had a higher latent means than in the mentally disabled women group. Until now, there has been an absence of studies that verify resilience levels of physically disabled women.
In the comparative model, while the mentally disabled women's parenting stress and social support were higher than those of physically disabled women, their resilience and parenting competency turned out to be low. The effect sizes indicated that parenting stress and social support were small, resilience was moderate, and parenting competency was high.
Third, social support had a higher latent means in the mentally disabled women group than in the physically disabled women group. This study was the first to analyze differences in social support with an identical scale based on disability type among disabled women, and as emphasized by preceding studies[23,25], the results suggest that the degree of help from surrounding people and an official support system should be revitalized to improve parenting competency in physically disabled women.

후속연구

Preceding studies until now have utilized resilience in analyzing the correlation between the influencing factors of parenting competency in mentally disabled women, but there are few studies that examine this in physically disabled women. So, there is a need for further study that expands disability types and examines what differences exist based on these types.
Although not an identical scale, Kim[2] and Sung [13] reported that social support among mentally disabled women slightly exceeded intermediate levels, and Im's [25] study on physically disabled women showed that social support was just below the intermediate level. Therefore, further research is required on whether differences in social support occur between disability types.

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