[논문]Development of a food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential for Koreans and its relationship with metabolic syndrome

Na, Woori; Yu, Tae Yang; Sohn, Cheongmin

doi:10.4162/nrp.2019.13.2.150

[국내논문] Development of a food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential for Koreans and its relationship with metabolic syndrome 원문보기

Nutrition research and practice, v.13 no.2, 2019년, pp.150 - 158

Na, Woori (Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University) , Yu, Tae Yang (Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine) , Sohn, Cheongmin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is known to be a risk factor for metabolic diseases. This study aimed to develop a Food-based Index of Dietary Inflammatory Potential (FBDI) and examine its association with metabolic biomarkers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study analyzed the raw data from the 2012-2014 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data of 17,771 people. To analyze the relationship between foods consumed by Koreans and inflammation, we conducted a correlation analysis between 51 food groups and hs-CRP levels. The FBDI was developed from 17 food groups selected by multiple regression method. We examined whether FBDI was associated with metabolic markers (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol) in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We used binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association. RESULTS: The FBDI model included seven of the anti-inflammatory food groups and three of the pro-inflammatory food groups. The FBDI formula was calculated by multiplying the intake of food group by ${\beta}$-coefficients derived from the multiple regression model based on the correlation analysis. The FBDI was significantly associated with waist circumference (P < 0.001), blood pressure (P < 0.001), triglyceride level (P < 0.001), and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) level among adults aged 20-64 years in the KNHANES. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.618 times higher in the group with the highest FBDI than in the group with the lowest one (95% confidence interval: 1.778-3.856, P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study established an FBDI reflecting food intake patterns of Koreans, which showed a significant relationship with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

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문제 정의

However, inflammation-related food categories were derived based on hs-CRP levels > 3 ml/L, which is used as an index of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to develop a dietary inflammatory evaluation tool composed of food categories which are reflecting chronic inflammatory status rather than specific diseases.
This study aimed to develop an FBDI reflecting the actual inflammatory index and dietary intake of the Korean people and to analyze the association between FBDI and metabolic syndrome.

제안 방법

This study used data from health examinees (HEXA) of KoGES to obtain general information, disease history, and single-day 24-h recall assessment for the development of the FBDI. Details related to the KoGES cohort are provided elsewhere [26].
Cut-off values of 90 cm and 85 cm were considered for men and women, respectively, beyond which an individual was diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Demographic variables such as age, sex, household income, and educational level of the subjects were obtained through questionnaires, and body mass index was calculated by dividing weight (kg) by height squared (m²).
For calculation of FBDI in KNHANES, we matched 1,501 food codes of KoGES with 1,075 secondary food codes of KNHANES. To evaluate the difference in the general body measurements, biochemical indicators, and nutrient intake according to FBDI, FBDI values were divided into quartiles, and analysis of variance and crossover analyses were performed. In addition, the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated by performing binary logistic regression analysis to analyze the prevalence of metabolic syndrome associated with FBDI.
To evaluate the difference in the general body measurements, biochemical indicators, and nutrient intake according to FBDI, FBDI values were divided into quartiles, and analysis of variance and crossover analyses were performed. In addition, the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated by performing binary logistic regression analysis to analyze the prevalence of metabolic syndrome associated with FBDI. All analyses were performed as composite samples, which calculated the composite weight by multiplying the survey weight by one-third for each of the years (2013-2015).
The limitation of this study is the use of a 24-hour recall method to develop FBDI, which may not reflect the usual dietary intake pattern. In addition, FBDI was developed by analyzing the association between food intake and hs-CRP only, a typical inflammatory index.

대상 데이터

Details related to the KoGES cohort are provided elsewhere [26]. A total of 33,615 subjects were aged 40-72 years in the 2012-2014 KoGES HEXA. Among them, 15,157 had diseases (i.
In this study, we reclassified 18 food groups provided by the KoGES-HEXA into 51 food groups. Grains were classified into nine categories: white rice, other grains, bread · wheat flour, noodles, ramen, pizza · hamburgers, rice cakes, cereal, and cookies · confectioneries.
This study used data of 22,948 subjects from the 6th KNHANES (2013-2015). A total of 7,795 subjects were included in the final analysis for the association of FBDI with metabolic syndrome, after excluding 15,153 subjects (Fig.
This study used data of 22,948 subjects from the 6th KNHANES (2013-2015). A total of 7,795 subjects were included in the final analysis for the association of FBDI with metabolic syndrome, after excluding 15,153 subjects (Fig. 1B). Exclusions were those who had calorie intakes of [ 500 kcal/day or ] 4,000 kcal/day and those aged [ 19 years or ] 65 years.
1B). Exclusions were those who had calorie intakes of [ 500 kcal/day or ] 4,000 kcal/day and those aged [ 19 years or ] 65 years. Subjects who had a history of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cancer and who did not have complete information about general characteristics, anthropometric data, laboratory data, and single-day 24-hour dietary recall were also excluded.

이론/모형

05). The selected food groups were reanalyzed using a stepwise multiple regression method with hs-CRP as a dependent variable. We set the probability-to-enter significance level at P ≤ 0.
1 for the stepwise regression procedure. The FBDI formula was developed using the regression coefficients derived from the regression analysis (Fig. 2). All analysis results were considered significant at P < 0.

성능/효과

Among all subjects, the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome was found to be 1.884 times higher in the group with the highest FBDI than in the group with the lowest FBDI (95% CI: 1.566-2.266) (P < 0.001, P for trend < 0.001).
Lower FBDI scores imply an anti-inflammatory diet, and higher scores reflect inflammatory meals. As a result of the analysis on the relationship between FBDI divided into quartiles and metabolic syndrome, as FBDI increases, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol were significantly different among the components of metabolic syndrome and the risk of metabolic syndrome was also different. Metabolic syndrome is a disease that has been reported to correlate with various forms of inflammation, and many studies have shown its relationship with hs-CRP.
Waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and triglyceride, which are components of metabolic syndrome, were found to significantly increase with increasing FBDI (P < 0.001), and the HDL-cholesterol level was found to significantly decrease with increasing FBDI (P < 0.001).

후속연구

92 times higher in patients with CRP of > 2 mg/L, showing that CRP is closely related to vascular disease prognosis. The association of FBDI with the disease was carried out for metabolic syndrome only at this time, therefore, further investigation of the association between FBDI and various chronic inflammatory-related diseases is needed.

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