선택한 단어 수는 입니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
선택한 단어 수는 30입니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
문제 정의
- The DDS scores of meats, fruits, and diary food group were very low in all meal type groups and all subjects are encouraged to consume more food in those food groups to meet the sufficient intake levels for their diet’s diversity, which is very difficult practically for the patients in this study.
제안 방법
- The differences in qualitative characteristics according to the meal types were compared using a Fisher’s exact test for categorized variables. A Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests followed by paired comparisons were used to analyze the statistical differences in the quantitative data due to the small sample size. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.
- These strategies should focus on subjects with limited food intake who require high nutrient quality diets. Despite the limitations, this study provided detailed data of the nutritional status, diet quality and diet diversity of long-term care facility residents with dementia in Korea.
- The food intake data for the 3-day dietary intakes over one weekend day and two weekdays were obtained from each subject by taking a picture of the food tray before and after consumption. The questionnaire answered by the caregivers for extra food intake, such as snacks, beverages or any food supplements, was also investigated to determine the extra food intakes.
- The medical records from the care facility and a questionnaire from a nurse were used to collect general characteristics, such as sex, age, height, weight and duration of residence, and clinical information, such as care insurance grades, cognitive function score (K-MMSE), anthropometric measurements data, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and chewing/swallowing abilities. The questionnaires answered by the nurses were used to assess the characteristics of the diet behaviors, composition of meal types, time of total feeding, service time on meal by caregivers, and functions of chewing and swallowing of each subject.
- The participants were given one of three different types of meals, such as general diet, soft diet, and liquid diet, depending on each patient’s chewing ability.
- The medical records from the care facility and a questionnaire from a nurse were used to collect general characteristics, such as sex, age, height, weight and duration of residence, and clinical information, such as care insurance grades, cognitive function score (K-MMSE), anthropometric measurements data, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and chewing/swallowing abilities. The questionnaires answered by the nurses were used to assess the characteristics of the diet behaviors, composition of meal types, time of total feeding, service time on meal by caregivers, and functions of chewing and swallowing of each subject. Thirteen government certified the caregivers were hired to offer a general care service to every two or three people in this facility.
- This study investigated the diet quality with multiple indexes such as ND, NARs and MAR, INQ and DDS. The results showed that even a general diet did not show appropriate values for these indexes meaning that the diet qualities of these subjects are not adequate.
대상 데이터
- The subjects (30 of total) were recruited from the Yuil longterm care (LTC) facility (Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea) between November and December 2016. All subjects residing in this facility were diagnosed with dementia (mostly AD and vascular dementia) and received the LTC grade. On the other hand, the medical records did not include detailed information of the initial diagnosis of the dementia types.
- The subjects (30 of total) were recruited from the Yuil longterm care (LTC) facility (Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea) between November and December 2016. All subjects residing in this facility were diagnosed with dementia (mostly AD and vascular dementia) and received the LTC grade.
- Although nutritional problems of dementia patients have been reported repeatedly in many studies, there are few studies of these problems in Korea, especially for elderly with dementia. Therefore, this study recruited participants with dementia in a long-term care facility in Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea.
- Twelve nutrients, such as protein; vitamins A, B6, and C; thiamin; riboflavin; niacin; folate; calcium; phosphorous; iron; and zinc, for which the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) is defined by the Korean Dietary Reference Intake (KDRIs), were included in the analyses. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) was also analyzed.
데이터처리
- The differences in qualitative characteristics according to the meal types were compared using a Fisher’s exact test for categorized variables.
이론/모형
- The dietary diversity score (DDS) was then evaluated using Kant’s method [19] to measure the diet diversity.
- The food group intake and the amount of energy and nutrients intake were calculated for each subject using the CAN-pro 5.0 (Web ver. Korean Nutrition Society, Korea). Based on this data, the average daily food intake was calculated and compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015 [18] to assess the nutritional status of each subject.
성능/효과
- In conclusion, the meal quality and diversity should be improved for all meal type groups in this facility. Further interventions with sophisticated strategies according to each meal type group are needed for dementia patients in this long-term care facility.
- The results of the DDS showed that the amounts of cereals, vegetable, fruits, and beverages were comprised largely of total food intakes. According to the 2010-2012 KNHNES survey results, healthy elderly aged 60 to 79 years consumed 1,301.
- On the other hand, very few studies have examined those of the elderly with dementia residing in long-term care facilities. The results of this study showed that the average daily energy intake of each subject was much lower than the EER (estimated energy requirements) of the KDRIs (1,026.8 kcal for men and 1,172.0 kcal for women). According to the KDRIs [18], it is recommended that healthy elderly aged over 65 years consume 2,000 kcal (men) or 1,600 kcal (women).
- The nutrient density (ND) was calculated by standardizing the nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal based on the food intake amount of each subject. To assess the nutritional adequacy, the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated for the nutrient intake set by the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) standard level and a level of over 1.0 was determined to be adequate.
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