[논문]벤처기업 창업가의 특성과 경영전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향

한규동

doi:10.16972/apjbve.14.6.201912.29

벤처기업 창업가의 특성과 경영전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Characteristics of Venture Business Founders and Management Strategy on Business Performance 원문보기

벤처창업연구= Asia-Pacific journal of business and venturing, v.14 no.6, 2019년, pp.29 - 43

한규동 (동국대학교 기술창업학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구에서는 국가경제와 일자리 창출에 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있는 벤처기업의 생존 및 발전에 시사점을 제시하고자 벤처기업 창업가의 특성과 경영성과와의 관계에 경영전략을 매개변수로 하여 실증분석을 하였다. 기존의 국내 선행연구들이 창업가의 특성과 경영전략을 경영성과에 대한 동일한 단일차원의 함수관계로 분석하는데서 벗어나서, 창업가의 특성을 독립변수로, 기업차원의 경영전략을 매개변수로 하여 다차원적인 관점에서 기업의 경영성과를 설명하려고 하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 벤처 창업가의 특성은 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 창업가의 특성 중에서도 진취성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향력이 가장 큰 변수로 확인되었다. 반면, 위험감수성은 그 영향력이 상대적으로 매우 미미한 수준으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 벤처 창업가의 특성은 경영전략에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 창업가 특성 중에서 혁신성은 기술혁신 차별화 전략에, 진취성은 마케팅 차별화 전략에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 중요한 변수로 분석되었다. 셋째, 벤처기업의 경영전략은 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 경영전략 중에서도 기술혁신 차별화 전략이 마케팅 차별화 전략에 비해 경영성과에 미치는 영향력이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 벤처 창업가의 특성과 경영성과와의 관계에서 경영전략은 부분 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 창업가의 특성은 경영성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치기도 하지만 경영전략과 매개되어 경영성과에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이런 연구결과는 벤처기업 창업가의 개인적인 특성과 기업차원의 경영전략이 연계되었을 때 더 극대화된 경영성과를 이룰 수 있다는 것을 시사해준다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This paper empirically analyzed the relationship between the characteristics of venture business founders and management performance, setting the management strategy as a parameter to provide a suggestion for the survival and development of venture companies that play an important role in the national economy and job creation. Previous studies in Korea have analyzed the relationship between the characteristics of business founders, management strategies and management performance in a single dimension. This paper, however, explained the business performance of a company from a multi-dimensional perspective while setting the characteristics of business founders as independent variables and setting the business strategy of the enterprise as a parameter. The first result of the analysis shows that the characteristics of venture business founders have a positive effect on business performance. In particular, among the characteristics of venture business founders, a progressive spirit has had the greatest impact on business performance. On the other hand, the influence of risk sensitivity was very weak. Second, the characteristics of venture business founders were found to have a positive effect on business strategy. In particular, innovation was an important variable that affected the technological innovation differentiation strategy, and a progressive spirit was the most influential factor in the marketing differentiation strategy. Third, management strategies of venture firms were found to have a positive effect on business performance. In particular, the technology innovation differentiation strategy has a greater impact on business performance than the marketing differentiation strategy. Fourth, it was revealed that management strategy partially has a mediated effect on the relationship between the characteristics of venture business founders and management performance. In other words, it was found that the characteristics of the founders have a direct impact on business performance but if it is linked to management strategy it has an indirect effect on business performance. The results of this study show that business performance improves when venture business founders' personal characteristics and the firms' management strategy are combined.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	벤처기업협회에서는 벤처기업을 무엇이라 하는가?	벤처기업은 창업가들이 이러한 기업가적 정신을 가지고 아이디어를 바탕으로 설립한 기술집약적인 중소기업이다. 벤처기업협회에서는 벤처기업을 개인 또는 소수의 창업인이 위험성은 크지만 성공할 경우 높은 기대수익이 예상되는 신기술과 아이디어를 독자적인 기반 위에서 사업화하려는 신생 중소기업이라고 정의한다. 벤처기업은 일반적으로 소수의 인원이 미성숙한 시장을 대상으로 고위험을 감수하고 도전해야하는 특성이 있기 때문에 기존의 산업적 특성이나 전략적인 측면보다는 창업가 개인의 역량이나 성격, 경험 등이 매우 큰 영향을 미친다.
	벤처기업의 특징은 무엇인가?	벤처기업협회에서는 벤처기업을 개인 또는 소수의 창업인이 위험성은 크지만 성공할 경우 높은 기대수익이 예상되는 신기술과 아이디어를 독자적인 기반 위에서 사업화하려는 신생 중소기업이라고 정의한다. 벤처기업은 일반적으로 소수의 인원이 미성숙한 시장을 대상으로 고위험을 감수하고 도전해야하는 특성이 있기 때문에 기존의 산업적 특성이나 전략적인 측면보다는 창업가 개인의 역량이나 성격, 경험 등이 매우 큰 영향을 미친다. 이처럼 벤처기업의 모든 것은 창업가와 직접적으로 관련되어 있다(Mintzberg, 1979; 심관섭, 2017).
	벤처기업의 창업가가 일반기업의 경영자에 비해 기업에서 차지하는 비중이 큼으로써 나타나는 특징은 무엇인가?	이런 특성으로 인해 벤처기업의 창업가는 일반기업의 경영자에 비해 기업에서 차지하는 비중이 더욱 크고 의사결정에서도 절대적으로 중요한 권한을 가진다. 창업가의 목표는 곧 조직의 목표이고, 전략은 창업가의 비전 실현을 위한 도구이며, 기업의 경영성과는 창업가의 성공 측정의 척도가 되기도 한다. 또한 벤처기업의 창업가는 대부분 기업을 소유한 실제경영자이기 때문에 거의 모든 권한이 창업가에게 집중되어있으며, 기업의 중요한 경영전략을 포함한 대부분의 주요 의사결정을 내리게 된다(김형철, 2009).

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