Nitrotyrosine was found to be dependent on the severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). However, a correlation of serum nitrotyrosine concentration in dogs with MMVD and the progression of the disease has not been investigated. This study compared changes in serum nitrotyrosine concentrat...
Nitrotyrosine was found to be dependent on the severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). However, a correlation of serum nitrotyrosine concentration in dogs with MMVD and the progression of the disease has not been investigated. This study compared changes in serum nitrotyrosine concentration with the progression of MMVD. Nine client-owned dogs were recruited for the study. Dogs were classified by measuring the amount of regurgitation using echocardiography into mild, moderate, or severe MMVD groups. Serum nitrotyrosine concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Serum nitrotyrosine concentration was significantly higher at 180 days than at 0 day (P < 0.05). However, serum nitrotyrosine concentration at 360 days was lower than that at 180 days (P < 0.05). Serum nitrotyrosine concentration at 540 days was lower than at 180 days (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum nitrotyrosine and left atrial to aortic root diameter ratio (LA/Ao ratio) (n = 33, $R^2=0.003$, P = 0.759). Also, there was no correlation between serum nitrotyrosine and vertebral heart score (VHS) (n = 33, $R^2=0.026$, P = 0.368) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, normalized for body weight by the formula (LVEDDN) (n = 33, $R^2=0.053$, P = 0.196). The results of the study suggest that the progression of MMVD is correlated with changes in serum nitrotyrosine concentration, which shows potential for use as a cardiac biomarker which can be used to analyze the progression of disease in MMVD.
Nitrotyrosine was found to be dependent on the severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). However, a correlation of serum nitrotyrosine concentration in dogs with MMVD and the progression of the disease has not been investigated. This study compared changes in serum nitrotyrosine concentration with the progression of MMVD. Nine client-owned dogs were recruited for the study. Dogs were classified by measuring the amount of regurgitation using echocardiography into mild, moderate, or severe MMVD groups. Serum nitrotyrosine concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Serum nitrotyrosine concentration was significantly higher at 180 days than at 0 day (P < 0.05). However, serum nitrotyrosine concentration at 360 days was lower than that at 180 days (P < 0.05). Serum nitrotyrosine concentration at 540 days was lower than at 180 days (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum nitrotyrosine and left atrial to aortic root diameter ratio (LA/Ao ratio) (n = 33, $R^2=0.003$, P = 0.759). Also, there was no correlation between serum nitrotyrosine and vertebral heart score (VHS) (n = 33, $R^2=0.026$, P = 0.368) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, normalized for body weight by the formula (LVEDDN) (n = 33, $R^2=0.053$, P = 0.196). The results of the study suggest that the progression of MMVD is correlated with changes in serum nitrotyrosine concentration, which shows potential for use as a cardiac biomarker which can be used to analyze the progression of disease in MMVD.
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문제 정의
Serum nitrotyrosine concentration increases in dogs with chronic valve degeneration (15,16). The purpose of this study is to investigate a correlation of MMVD progression with serum nitrotyrosine concentration using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
제안 방법
An owner information agreement was obtained. As inclusion criteria for this study, dogs exhibited signs of MMVD during physical, radiographic and echocardiographic exams. Dogs suffering from congenital heart disease or severe systemic disease were excluded from this study.
Echocardiography with an iU22® (Phillips, Bothell, WA, USA) was performed to diagnose size of the heart, measure the amount of regurgitation, and determine the severity of MMVD.
Dogs suffering from congenital heart disease or severe systemic disease were excluded from this study. The examination included physical examination, blood collection, radiography and echocardiography. All examinations were performed in a quiet examination room without sedation or anesthesia.
It is possible to indirectly measure NO using a stable end product nitrotyrosine. This study measured serum nitrotyrosine concentration in MMVD patients over time and focused on their potential for use as biomarkers in connection with the progression of heart disease.
대상 데이터
Nine client-owned dogs were recruited at Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University between April 2015 and September 2017. Nine dogs comprised the ranged in size from small to medium (weight: 3.
Nine client-owned dogs were recruited at Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University between April 2015 and September 2017. Nine dogs comprised the ranged in size from small to medium (weight: 3.2 to 9.1 kg), were between 4 and 16 years of age. An owner information agreement was obtained.
Nine dogs, consisting of 4 male dogs (4 neutered) and 5 female dogs (3 neutered), were included in this study. The breeds, arranged in descending order, are as follows: Maltese (n = 4; 45%), Shih Tzu (n = 3; 33%), Yorkshire Terrier (n = 1; 11%), and Schnauzer (n = 1; 11%) (Table 1).
데이터처리
Correlation between each dog’s characteristics and echocardiographic measurement with serum nitrotyrosine concentration was determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
If a significant association (P < 0.05) was detected, a pair-wise comparison was performed by use of an independent t-test.
05 was considered significant. In order to investigate overall association between serum nitrotyrosine concentration and the MMVD severity groups, one-way ANOVA was used. If a significant association (P < 0.
성능/효과
In conclusion, the study suggests that serum nitrotyrosine concentration as end-products of the tyrosine nitration may be used as a potential biomarker for measuring the progression of MMVD in dogs.
All three were used for cardiac assessment, and the relationship between LA/Ao ratio and serum nitrotyrosine concentration was poorly correlated with the serum nitrotyrosine concentration measurement according to the mitral regurgitation stage (10). In this study, it was concluded that VHS and LVEDDN are also not correlated with serum nitrotyrosine concentration. There are some limitations to this study.
참고문헌 (19)
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Kim JS, Park JS, Park HJ, Seo KY, Song KH. Serum nitrotyrosine conentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Korean J Vet Res 2017; 57: 17-21.
Nakazawa H, Fukuyama N, Takizawa S, Tsuji C, Yoshitake M, Ishida H. Nitrotyrosine formation and its role in various pathological conditions. Free Radic Res 2000; 33: 771-784.
Torre-Amione G, Kapadia S, Lee J, Durand JB, Bies RD, Young JB, Mann DL. Tumor necrosis factor a and tumor necrosis factor receptors in the failing human heart. Circulation 1996; 93: 704-711.
Feng Q, Lu X, Jones DL, Shen J, Arnold JMO. Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression contributes to myocardial dysfunction and higher mortality after myocardial infarction in mice. Circulation 2001; 104: 700-704.
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