[논문]침강지 시설이 조성된 LID 시설의 환경적 영향평가

전민수; 김이형

doi:10.17663/jwr.2019.21.2.181

침강지 시설이 조성된 LID 시설의 환경적 영향평가
Comparative assessment of urban stormwater low impact strategies equipped with pre-treatment zones 원문보기

한국습지학회지 = Journal of wetlands research, v.21 no.2, 2019년, pp.181 - 190

(공주대학교 건설환경공학과) , (공주대학교 건설환경공학과) , 전민수 (공주대학교 건설환경공학과) , 김이형 (공주대학교 건설환경공학과)

초록
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최근 강우유출수를 비용효율적으로 관리하기 위해 저영향개발 (Low Impact Development, LID)과 자연기반해법(Nature-based solution, NBS)를 도입하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 LID 시설 중 도심지 내 적용가능하고 유입부에 침강지가 조성된 침투도랑(IT)과 소규모 인공습지(SCW) 등 2개의 시설에 대해 효율성을 평가하였다. 효율성 평가는 장기간의 모니터링을 통한 자료를 이용하여 수행하였다. 분석결과 하절기 기간은 식생의 흡입 등의 생물학적 활동으로 인하여 SCW의 효율이 더 높았으나, 동절기 기간에는 식물의 고사로 인하여 IT의 효율이 더 높은것으로 분석되었다. 침강지 내 퇴적물의 분석결과 SCW 침강지 내 식생에 의한 정화작용 및 미생물등의 생물학적 처리기작으로 인하여 COD와 TN의 저감효율이 높은것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 침강지 시설을 조성한 LID 시설에 대해 비교하였으며, 자연과 유사한 자연기반해법을 LID 시설에 적용할 경우 기존 시설보다 처리효율이 우수한것으로 나타났다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Recently, Low impact development techniques, a form of nature-based solutions (NBS), were seen cost-efficient alternatives that can be utilized as alternatives for conventional stormwater management practices. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an infiltration trench (IT) and a small constructed wetland (SCW) in treating urban stormwater runoff. Long-term monitoring data were observed to assess the seasonal performance and cite the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing the facilities. Analyses revealed that the IT has reduced performance during the summer season due to higher runoff volumes that exceeded the facility's storage volume capacity and caused the facility to overflow. On the other hand, the pollutant removal efficiency of the SCW was impacted by the winter season as a result of dormant biological activities. Sediment data also indicated that fine and medium sand particles mostly constituted the trapped sediments in the pretreatment and media zones. Sediments in SCW exhibited a lower COD and TN load due to the phytoremediation and microbiological degradation capabilities of the system. This study presented brief comparison LID facilities equipped with pre-treatment zones. The identified factors that can potentially affect the performance of the systems were also beneficial in establishing metrics on the utilization of similar types of nature-based stormwater management practices.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

표 Table 1. Facility design and catchment area characteristics
그림 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the a) IT located and b) SCW located at Kongju National University
그림 Fig. 2. Box plot definition.
표 Table 2. Summary of monitored rainfall events
그림 Fig. 3. Background inflow and outflow pollutant concentrations in the IT and SCW.
그림 Fig. 4. Seasonal inflow and outflow unit pollutant loads in the a) IT and b) SCW.
그림 Fig. 5. Particle size distribution and sedimentation rate in the a) IT and b) SCW.
그림 Fig. 6. Mean pollutant load distribution in the a) IT and b) SCW sediments
그림 Fig. 7. Comparison between mean sediment and influent stormwater pollutant loads in the a) IT and b) SCW

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

, 2019). This study evaluated the effectiveness of IT and SCW in treating urban stormwater runoff. Vegetated and non-vegetated LID facilities were compared to evaluate their respective pollutant removal performances in relation to climatologic variations.
However, the biological processes of vegetated systems were more susceptible so seasonal changes. This study presented brief comparison of LID facilities with pre-treatment mechanisms. The identified factors that can potentially affect the performance of the systems were also beneficial in establishing metrics on the utilization of similar types of nature-based stormwater management practices.

제안 방법

Primary hydrologic data such as antecedent dry days (ADD), precipitation depth, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and temperature were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. By considering hydraulic components such as inflow and outflow volume, the pollutant removal efficiency (RE) of the systems was evaluated by calculating the pollutant load reduction in the influent stormwater. Equations 1 through 3 provide a detailed calculation procedure for determining the inflow pollutant load, outflow pollutant load, and mass removal efficiency, respectively.
Particle size and sediment analyses were conducted following the soil sampling and methods of analysis proposed by Carter and Gregorich (Carter & Gregorich, 2006). Further evaluation was done to investigate the correlation between the pollutants contained in the sediments and the quality of stormwater runoff.
A total of 40 rainfall events from May 2009 to September 2016 and 32 rainfall events from July 2010 to October 2015 were monitored to assess the long term performances of the IT and SCW, respectively. Samples were collected in the inflow and outflow ports by grab sampling as soon as the runoff started entering and leaving the facility, while additional samples were collected after 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Succeeding samples were collected at a one-hour interval throughout the duration of rainfall.
The stormwater IT and SCW located at the Kongju National University (KNU), Cheonan City, Chungnam Province, South Korea were exhibited in Figure 1. The facilities were subdivided into three distinct zones, namely: pre-treatment zone, media zone, and effluent zone. The IT and SCW were designed with sedimentation tanks capable of accommodating 1 m³and 0.
The IT has vertical media layers consisted of geotextile, wood chips, zeolite, and sand, respectively as compared with SCW with wood chip layers only. Woods chip and zeolite were incorporated in the design to enhance the particulates removal moisture retention mechanisms of the facility. Most LID facilities in South Korea incorporate natural types of filters to treat stormwater runoff (Segismundo et al.

대상 데이터

On the other hand, SCW exhibited a lower pollutant RE during winter season as a result of plant and microbiological inactivity. Most of the sediments washed-off in the facility were composed of fine and medium sands. Since both IT and SCW were equipped with sedimentation tanks, larger sediments were trapped in in the pretreatment zone which also reduced the amount of sediments that can potentially clog the filter media.
The stormwater IT and SCW located at the Kongju National University (KNU), Cheonan City, Chungnam Province, South Korea were exhibited in Figure 1. The facilities were subdivided into three distinct zones, namely: pre-treatment zone, media zone, and effluent zone.

성능/효과

Roadside deposits in urban areas contain pollutant-rich sediments than can be easily washed-off during rainfall events. Analysis of the collected sediments in the pretreatment and media zones and mean inflow pollutant loads in the stormwater runoff indicated that most stormwater pollutants in SCW exhibited high pollutant loads in conjunction with high sediment pollutant loads. Since most of the pollutants in stormwater were sediment-bound, there is a possibility that sediments impart a certain percentage of pollutant concentration in the influent stormwater (Wijesiri et al.
Assessment of the chemical properties indicated the COD and TN loads in SCW sediments were lower compared to IT’s.

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