[논문]농업용 저수지 수질개선을 위한 국내 인공습지 설계 및 시공실태 조사

김영철; 최혜선; 김이형

doi:10.17663/jwr.2021.23.2.189

농업용 저수지 수질개선을 위한 국내 인공습지 설계 및 시공실태 조사
Investigation on Design Aspects of the Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Reservoirs Treatment in Korea 원문보기

한국습지학회지 = Journal of wetlands research, v.23 no.2, 2021년, pp.189 - 200

김영철 (한서대학교 인프라시스템학과) , 최혜선 (공주대학교 사회환경공학과) , 김이형 (공주대학교 사회환경공학과)

초록
AI-Helper

인공습지는 농업용 저수지의 수질개선을 위하여 많은 곳에 적용되고 있다. 인공습지는 수심분포, 유입량 및 유출량, 물흐름 분포, 체류시간, 수질 처리효율, 종횡비, 개방수역/폐쇄수역 구성비 등이 중요한 설계인자이다. 특히, 인공습지 높은 효율 증대를 위해서는 취입보 형식, 유입보, 인입수로 길이, 셀(Cell) 형태, 셀 연결 형태 등의 설계는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 농업용 저수지에 조성되어 운영중인 23개 인공습지의 현장조사를 통하여 설계시 고려하여야 할 인자 및 효율적 운영방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 인공습지 중에서 비정상적 운영이 나타나는 습지는 수위센서 미작동, 취입보 내부의 유사퇴적 및 기계식 수문틀의 협잡물 문제가 중요한 원인으로 나타났다. 또한, 인입수로의 길이가 길어질수록 취입보 하류부와 상류부의 생태적 단절구간이 늘어나는 것도 문제점으로 분석되었다. 습지 대부분은 2~5개의 셀로 조성되었으며 셀의 크기가 지나치게 클 경우 수리학적 효율이 떨어지고 관리가 어려운 것으로 평가되었다. 작은 규모의 습지에 많은 셀이 존재하는 경우 큰 수두손실로 인하여 적절한 유수흐름이 나타나지 않는 것으로 평가되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

To improve the water quality of agricultural reservoirs, constructed wetlands are applied in many places. These are technologies that establish ecosystems and important design factors include water depth distribution, inflow and outflow, water flow distribution, hydraulic residence time, water quality treatment efficiency, aspect ratio, and the distribution of open water and covered water surfaces. For high efficiency during the operation of a constructed wetland, the design needs to be optimized and this requires consideration of the different types and length of the intake dam as well as the type and connection of wetland cells. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate and suggest factors that needs to be considered during the design and for efficient operation measures through field surveys of 23 constructed wetlands that have been established and operated in agricultural reservoirs. Results of the field investigation shows that several sites were being operated improperly due to the malfunctioning or failure of the water level sensors, sedimentation in the intake dam, and clogging of the mechanical sluice frames. In addition, it was found that as the length of the inlet channel increases, the ecological disconnection between the intake dam upstream and the wetland outlet downstream also increases and was identified as a problem. Most of the wetlands are composed of 2 to 5 cells which can result to poor hydraulic efficiency and difficulty in management if they are too large. Moreover, it was found that the flow through a small wetland can be inadequate when there are too many cells due to excessive amounts of headloss.

주제어

표/그림 (12)

그림 Fig. 1. Location of constructed wetlands for this study.
그림 Fig. 2. Deduction of wetland problems from field investigation trip.
표 Table 1. Characteristics of the stream water quality improvement project sites investigated in this study
그림 Fig. 3. Brief contents conducted in the field investigation.
표 Table 2. Details of the applied intake dams
표 Table 3. Characteristics of inflow channel type and channel length
표 Table 4. Characteristics of inflow channel type and applications
표 Table 5. Characteristics of the wetland cell-connection and corresponding applications
표 Table 6. Connection channels between wetlands cells
그림 Fig. 4. Number of cells per unit area with respect to the wetland area.
그림 Fig. 5. Relationship of wetland areas and flow distances.
표 Table 7. Connection channels between wetlands cells

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