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문제 정의
- However, information on the diversity and species composition of megabenthos in the South Sea has still not been collated. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the species diversity and distribution of megabenthos in the South Sea and Jeju Island region.
- We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and helpful suggestions on the manuscript. This study was supported by the projects entitled “A base study to understand and counteract marine ecosystem change in Korean waters” (PE99713).
제안 방법
- The similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis was conducted to quantify the contribution of each species to the similarity/dissimilarity of those groups. The BIO-ENV test was performed to determine the environmental factors influencing the megabenthos community structure with 95% or higher correlations when analyzing. Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlations between environmental variables and the benthic community.
- 01) (Table 4). The correlations between the total number of species, diversity, density, biomass, and dominant species with environmental factors were determined (Table 5). The diversity showed a positive correlation with sand content and a significant negative correlation with silt content.
- The megabenthos samples were photographed with a Nikon D5500 camera, and multifocal images were made using a Helicon remote with the Helicon Focus 6 program (Helicon Soft Ltd.) to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing two-dimensional images.
- This study was conducted only in Spring and Fall, and we could not identify the changes in seasonal species composition. Megabenthos, which has relatively higher mobility compared to macrobenthos, can actively react with the environmental conditions they inhabit (Seo and Hong, 2007).
- To analyze the environmental factors at each sampling site, the temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured with a CTD during sampling periods, and surface sediment samples (one time per site) were collected in a 50 mL conical tube for analysis of the sediment grain size. The sediment samples were classified into coarse-grained sediment and fine-grained sediment after the removal of organic matter and CaCO3.
대상 데이터
- In June and November 2015 and April 2016, sampling was conducted at 17 stations in the South Sea and Jeju Island, Ieodo coast of Korea, to identify the impact of environmental variables on the diversity and distribution of the megabenthos in the South Sea of Korea (Fig. 1, Table 1). The April 2016 survey was conducted around the frontal zone of the South Sea.
- In total, 307 species were identified during the survey period. Arthropod crustaceans represented the most abundant taxon with 118 species (38 %), followed by others phyla with 71 species (23 %), mollusks with 55 species (18 %), echinoderms with 44 species (14 %), and annelid polychaetes with 19 species (6 %).
데이터처리
- The BIO-ENV test was performed to determine the environmental factors influencing the megabenthos community structure with 95% or higher correlations when analyzing. Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlations between environmental variables and the benthic community. This analysis was performed in PRIMER v.
이론/모형
- Cluster analysis was carried out using the Bray–Curtis similarity measure (Somerfield, 2008) based on the fourth root-transformed density data and group average linkage.
- 5. Dendogram and 2-dimensional plot using macrobenthic faunal abundance data by Bray-Curtis similarities calculated on the fourth-root transformed abundance data in the South sea of Korea.
- The sediment grain size composition was determined using a dry sieving method with a Ro-Tap sieve shaker (< 4 phi; W.S. Tyler) along with a laser diffraction method.
성능/효과
- In total, 307 species were identified during the survey period. Arthropod crustaceans represented the most abundant taxon with 118 species (38 %), followed by others phyla with 71 species (23 %), mollusks with 55 species (18 %), echinoderms with 44 species (14 %), and annelid polychaetes with 19 species (6 %). An average of 29 species were recorded.
- During the study period, the total number of megabenthos species, density (ind/100 m2), and biomass (g/100 m2) were 307 species/9900 m2, 28.7 ind/100 m2, and 81.1 g/100 m2, respectively. The species diversity was 2.
- In April 2016, the biomass was highest at B2 (704 g/100 m2) and lowest at B0. During the survey period, the biomass ranking of megabenthos by taxonomic group was echinoderms (40 %), mollusks (25 %), other phyla (25 %), and arthropod crustaceans (10 %), respectively.
- 5). The average similarity of Group A was 9.84 %, and poriferans, Munida japonica, Paguristes ortmanni, and Flabellum distinctum contributed 10.40 %, 8.78 %, 8.50 %, and 6.94 %, respectively (Table 3). The average similarity of Group B was 9.
- 94 %, respectively (Table 3). The average similarity of Group B was 9.08 %, and Solenocera melantho, Mactrinula dolabrata, Leioptilus fimbriatus, and Flabellum distinctum contributed 33.35 %, 24.22 %, 22.58 %, and 7.40 %, respectively. The average similarity of Group C was 25.
- 11 %, and Leptochela sydniensis contributed 100 %. The average similarity of Group D was 25.43 %, and Ormathia andersoni, Siphonalia fuscolineata, Charybdis bimaculata, and Mactrinula dolabrata contributed 28.44 %, 19.39 %, 11.75 %, and 11.50 %, respectively.
- The dominant species (> 1 % of total density) during this study were the ophiuroid Stegophiura sterea (10.4 %), bivalves Mactrinula dolabrata (9.0 %) and Acila divaricata (8.3 %), anthozoan Hormathia andersoni (8.2 %), gastropods Zeuxis siquijorensis (4.7 %) and Siphonalia fuscolineata (3.7 %), decapod Pandalus gracilis (3.1 %), holothuroid Pentacta doliolum (2.1 %), anthozoan Flabellum distinctum (1.8 %), decapods Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (1.7 %) and Charybdis bimaculata (1.7 %), echinoid Coelopleurus undulatus (1.5 %), decapods Palaemon gravieri (1.5 %), Paguristes ortmanni (1.3 %), and Paguristes digitalis (1.2 %), holothuroid Pseudocnus sp.
- The major dominant species in this study such as S. sterea (EOp), A. divaricata (Mbi), Z. siquijorensis (MGs), P. gracilis (CDe), and P. doliolum (EHo) were found in high density only in certain areas, and H. andersoni (Others), S. fuscolineata (MGs) appeared at the most stations except in the southern sea of Jeju Island (Fig. 4). S.
- The study area had an average depth of 74 m, depth range of 24 to 109 m, and maximal depths deeper than 100 m in the southern area of Jeju Island and A8 (Table 1). In June 2015, the average bottom temperature was 13.
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