[논문]기계의 정체성 위협에 대항하기: 집단 가치 확인이 인간의 지적 수행 저하에 미치는 효과

차영재; 백소정; 이형석; 배종훈; 이종호; 이상훈; 김건희; 장대익

doi:10.19066/cogsci.2019.30.3.3

[국내논문] 기계의 정체성 위협에 대항하기: 집단 가치 확인이 인간의 지적 수행 저하에 미치는 효과
Combating Identity Threat of Machine: The effect of group-affirmation on humans' intellectual performance loss 원문보기

인지과학 = Korean journal of cognitive science, v.30 no.3, 2019년, pp.157 - 174

차영재 (서울대학교 인지과학 협동과정) , 백소정 (서울대학교 인지과학 협동과정) , 이형석 (서울대학교 과학사 및 과학철학 협동과정) , 배종훈 (서울대학교 경영전문대학원) , 이종호 (서울대학교 전기.정보공학부) , 이상훈 (서울대학교 뇌인지과학과) , 김건희 (서울대학교 컴퓨터공학부) , 장대익 (서울대학교 자유전공학부)

초록
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인공 지능으로 인한 정체성 위협은 지능 과제에 대한 동기 및 수행을 저해할 수 있다. 본 연구는 실험기법을 활용하여 개인의 지능 과제 수행 저하 현상이 인공 지능으로 인한 위협에 노출됨으로써 나타나는지 조사하였다. 또한 본 연구는 집단 정체성 확인(group identity affirmation)이 과제 수행 저하 현상을 완화해줄 수 있는지 확인하였다. 구체적으로, 인공지능 위협이 높은 조건에서는 낮은 조건에서보다 지적 과제 수행이 낮을 것으로 예측하였다. 또한 이와 같은 수행 저하 효과는 집단 확인 조건에서 나타나지 않을 것으로 예측하였다. 대학생 참가자 210명을 대상으로 실험 연구를 시행하여 예상과 일관된 결과를 발견하였다. 인공지능으로 인한 정체성 위협은 참가자의 지적 과제 수행을 떨어뜨렸으며, 이와 같은 수행 저하 현상은 집단가치 비 확인 조건에서 발견됐지만 집단 가치 확인 조건에서는 발견되지 않았다. 논의에서는 이론적 실용적 함의를 다루었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Motivation of human individuals to perform on intellectual tasks can be hampered by identity threat from intellectual machines. A laboratory experiment examined whether individuals' performance loss on intellectual tasks appears under human identity threat. Additionally, by affirming alternative attributes of human identity, researchers checked whether group-affirmation alleviate the performance loss on intellectual tasks. This research predicted that under high social identity threat, individuals' performance loss on the intellectual tasks would be moderated by valuing alternative attributes of human identity. Experiment shows that when social identity threat is increased, human individuals affirmed alternative human attributes show higher performance on intellectual tasks than individuals non-affirmed. This effect of human-group level affirmation on performance loss did not appear in the condition of low social identity threat. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Keyword

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

This research aims to reveal how people buffer the identity threat of machine intelligence. Based on the social identity perspective (SIP; Tajfel & Turner, 1979; Tajfel & Turner, 1986; Terry & Hogg, 1996; Turner & Reynolds, 2011; Hogg, Abrams, Otten, and Hinkle, 2004), we predict that people will show performance loss when they face superior abilities of machines.
On the other hand, given that some parts of the human body have blurred boundaries with mechanical and artificial intelligence, the question of which part of the human identity would remain to be unique in the future will become much more prominent. This study provides a starting point for how coping with human identity threats occurs.

가설 설정

The task consisted of a total of 30 logical problems and of judging whether it was logically valid to derive B from A: A) Only residents of the city can run for the mayor. B) Any resident of the city may run for the mayor. The number of correct answers was calculated as the rational task performance score.
To check affirmation manipulation, we asked participants to select three of the 10 sub-categories of cognitive flexibility that they think humans are superior to machines. It was expected that if an expert suggests that humans are superior to machines in a particular area, then the majority of the participants would report that humans are indeed superior in the area of flexibility that the experts mentioned.

제안 방법

At the beginning of the experiment, participants were informed that they would take part in a research project observing people’s perception of the intergroup competition between humans and machines.
At the beginning of the experiment, participants were informed that they would take part in a research project observing people’s perception of the intergroup competition between humans and machines. It was further informed that the experiment consists of two parts; first to report their subjective thoughts and perceptions over given information related to human-machine competition, and second to engage in a task competing with machines. In the first part, two pieces of information were given as manipulating materials: threat and affirmation manipulation.
After the introduction given by the instructor, they performed a logical task consists of 30 questions. Being finished with the task, they reported demographics, took suspicion check, and then were debriefed.
Two different news articles were used to manipulate the perception of the threat. This material was made in the form of a newspaper article, which provided information to induce a highly threatening (or lowly threatening) perception on differences in the rational thinking abilities between human and machine caused by machine development.
As a next step, we used a multiple regression analysis to probe the interaction between identity threat and affirmation found in our moderated-mediation model. The two variables were included as predictors in the first step and the interaction term of these variables was entered during the second step.
Thus, it would be beneficial to prepare for the potential social shocks. If the confrontation between humans and machines captured in the go match represents the expected antagonism between humans and machines, we will be able to identify individual differences and social phenomena based on the results of this study and devise social policies in preparation. Also, increasing number of studies on the interaction between humans and AI will enable us to further anticipate differences in people’s perceptions and attitude and design the best policy for them.

대상 데이터

3) enrolled in an offline study for the exchange of 10,000 Korean Republic won. Among 210 participants, 108 participants were recruited from a long-term participant pool of the Culture-Brain Dynamics Transdisciplinary Research Center at Seoul National University. The survey was administered in full compliance with the safety guidelines, as approved by the Institutional Review Board at Seoul National University.
One to four individuals participated per session and were directed to individual seats separated by partition walls. At the beginning of the experiment, participants were informed that they would take part in a research project observing people’s perception of the intergroup competition between humans and machines.

성능/효과

It was expected that if an expert suggests that humans are superior to machines in a particular area, then the majority of the participants would report that humans are indeed superior in the area of flexibility that the experts mentioned. The results showed that most of the 95 participants in the cognitive openness condition chose the ability to think flexibly (n = 60), the ability to think creatively (n = 54) and the ability to think openly (n = 39) as their answers. These results show that the participants were influenced by the opinions of the experts in concluding their personal responses.
2015). According to the report, AI is particularly closely associated with economic and industrial values, such as manufacturing revolution, polarization of industrial structure, low growth and growth strategy. The application of AI is exploding in the industrial sector, and this trend is expected to continue.

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