[논문]경주 활성단층대 및 주변 국가지하수 관측정에서 지진과 수위변동 상관관계 연구

장현우; 정찬호; 이용천; 이유진; 홍진우; 김천환; 김영석; 강태섭

doi:10.9720/kseg.2020.4.617

경주 활성단층대 및 주변 국가지하수 관측정에서 지진과 수위변동 상관관계 연구
Relationship between Earthquake and Fluctuation of Water Level in Active Fault Zone and National Groundwater Monitoring Wells of Gyeongju Area 원문보기

지질공학 = The journal of engineering geology, v.30 no.4, 2020년, pp.617 - 634

장현우 (대전대학교 건설안전방재공학과) , 정찬호 (대전대학교 건설안전방재공학과) , 이용천 (대전대학교 건설안전방재공학과) , 이유진 (대전대학교 건설안전방재공학과) , 홍진우 (대전대학교 건설안전방재공학과) , 김천환 (대전대학교 건설안전방재공학과) , 김영석 (부경대학교 지구환경과학과) , 강태섭 (부경대학교 지구환경과학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구의 목적은 경주 단구리 활성단층대에 설치된 지하수 관측정과 주변 국가지하수관측정 124개 공에서 지진발생에 따른 지하수위 변동특성을 알아보는 데 있다. 수위자료를 활용하여 시공간적 분포특성과 지진과의 상관성을 해석하였으며, 발생한 지진에 대하여 관측정의 반응에 대한 효율성(잠재성)을 나타내는 Earthquake effectiveness(ε)와 q-factor를 계산하여 유효성을 분석하였다. 관측기간 중 단구리 관측정의 지하수위 변동은 E1(2019년 4월 22일 M 3.8) 지진 발생 이후(post-seismic) 83 cm의 지하수위 하강을, E2(2019년 6월 11일 M 2.5) 지진발생 전(pre-seismic) 76 cm의 지하수위 상승을 보여주었다. 주변 국가지하수관측정의 수위자료를 이용하여 시간에 따른 공간분포 분석결과, 단층대 주변 관측정에서 수위변동이 상대적으로 높은 특성을 보인다. 그리고 충적지하수보다 암반지하수에서 더 큰 수위변동을 보여 암반 지하수가 지진 관측에 유리함을 보여준다. 이러한 수위의 상승과 하강은 지진에 의해 암반에 가해지는 인장응력에 의한 균열의 증가와 압축응력에 의한 공극의 감소와 관련된 것으로 보인다. 단구리 관측정의 Earthquake effectiveness(ε)와 q-factor의 유효범위는 각각 2.70E-10~5.60E-10, 14.4~18.0으로 산정되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of between earthquakes and fluctuation of water level in a groundwater well of the active-fault zone and 124 national groundwater monitoring wells in Gyeongju area. The spatial and temporal relationships between the fluctuation of water level and the earthquake were analyzed by the calculation of earthquake effectiveness (ε) and q-factor which are the function of earthquake magnitude and distance from epicenter. Two earthquake events of E1 (April 22, 2019, M 3.8) and E2 (June 11, 2019, M 2.5) show a close relationship with a post-seismic 83 cm decrease and a pre-seismic 76 cm increase in water level at the active fault zone of Dangu-ri, respectively. The spatial analysis of water level fluctuation data in National Groundwater Monitoring Networks caused by earthquake events shows a more distinct response in deep groundwater around fault zones than other area, and a greater change in deep groundwater than shallow groundwater. It's inferred that the decrease and increase in groundwater level are affected by the expansion of fractures and compression of rock mass due to seismic stress, respectively. The effective ranges of ε-value and q-factor of the monitoring well in Dangu-ri were calculated as 2.70E-10~5.60E-10 and 14.4~18.0, respectively.

주제어

표/그림 (16)

그림 Fig. 1. Location (a), regional geologic map (b) and enlargement geologic map (c) of rectangular area of map (b) of study area (Um et al., 1964).
그림 Fig. 2. The ditribution map of earthquake events above M 2.0 within about 200 km in radius from Dangu-ri observation well.
표 Table 1. The q-factors and ε values of Dangu-ri observation well for earthquakes (above M 2.0) occurred within about 200 km in radius
그림 Fig. 3. Diagram showing fluctuation of water level and electrical conductivity, and box-whisker diagram for monthly change of water level in a monitoring well at the Dangu-ri (2018.04.13. - 2020.02.14).
표 Table 1. Continued
그림 Fig. 4. Diagram showing the fluctuation of water level according to earthquake events in Fig. 3: (a) 19.04.22 M 3.8, (b) 19.06.11 M 2.5 (c) 19.12.30 M 3.5.
그림 Fig. 5. IDW analysis of the water level fluctuation in deep groundwater for the M 3.8 earthquake occurred at April 22, 2019.
표 Table 2. Monitoring wells showing the fluctuation of groundwater level according to time series before and after an earthquake event (19.04.22 M3.8)
그림 Fig. 6. IDW analysis of deep groundwater for the 2.5 earthquake occurred at June 11, 2019.
표 Table 3. Monitoring wells showing the fluctuation of groundwater level according to time series before and after an earthquake event (19.06.11 M2.5)
그림 Fig. 7. IDW analysis of shallow groundwater for the M 3.8 earthquake (April 22, 2019).
표 Table 4. Monitoring wells showing the fluctuation of groundwater level according to time series before and after an earthquake event (19.04.22 M3.8)
표 Table 5. Monitoring wells showing the fluctuation of groundwater level according to time series before and after an earthquake event (19.06.11 M2.5)
그림 Fig. 8. IDW analysis of shallow groundwater for the M 2.5 earthquake (June 11, 2019).
표 Table 6. The number of a monitoring well showing fluctuations of water level according to time elapsing before and after earthquake event
그림 Fig. 9. Correlation between effectiveness of earthquake and q-factor and fluctuations of water level in a monitoring well at Dangu-ri.

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