[논문]백두산 지역의 마이오세 알칼리 현무암(황송푸 현무암)의 암석학적/지화학적 특성

김은주; 히라타 치하루; 정훈영; 길영우; 양경희

doi:10.22807/kjmp.2020.33.4.307

백두산 지역의 마이오세 알칼리 현무암(황송푸 현무암)의 암석학적/지화학적 특성
Petrology and Geochemistry of Miocene Alkaline Basalt (Huangsongpu Basalt) from the Mt. Baekdu Area 원문보기

광물과 암석 = Korean journal of mineralogy and petrology, v.33 no.4, 2020년, pp.307 - 324

김은주 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) , 히라타 치하루 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) , 정훈영 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) , 길영우 (전남대학교 에너지자원공학과) , 양경희 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과)

초록
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백두산 북동쪽으로 약 25 km 떨어져있는 지역의 마이오세 현무암(황송푸 현무암, 20 Ma)에 대한 주성분원소와 미량원소, Sr-Nd 동위원소 조성에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 황송푸 현무암은 비현정질 암석으로 Na2O+K2O=3.5~4.7 wt.%, MgO=9.9~11.1 wt.%을 보인다. Mg 성분이 풍부한 감람석(Mg#=75~86)과 단사휘석(Mg#=72~85), Ca성분이 풍부한 사장석 미반정을 함유하고 있다. 이 현무암은 경희토류원소 부화가 나타나는 해양도현무암과 유사한 미량원소 패턴을 보이고, 높은 Cr(394~479 ppm)과 Ni(389~519 ppm) 성분, Nb-Ta 부화 이상치, Rb과 Ba을 포함하는 LILE가 부화되어 있는 특징을 보인다. 이러한 조직과 주성분원소/미량원소조성 데이터는 황송푸 현무암이 알칼리 마그마 계열에 속하는 원시적인 마그마임을 나타낸다. 황송푸 마그마는 상승하는 도중에 분별결정작용, 지각오염, 마그마혼합과 같은 분화작용을 거의 경험하지 않은 액상선 환경에서 고화된 암석으로 이는 황송푸 현무암이 부분용융이 일어났던 맨틀에서의 특성을 지니고 있음을 반영한다. 황송푸 현무암의 높은 (Gd/Yb)sample/(Gd/Yb)PM 비율(2.8~3.5)은 황송푸 현무암이 판내부 환경에서 형성된 마그마로써 석류석이 존재하는 맨틀에서 페리도타이트의 낮은 부분용융(3~5%)으로 형성되었다. BSE보다 모두 높은 143Nd/144Nd와 87Sr/86Sr 성분을 보이는 황송푸 현무암은 이 지역 아래 부화된 맨틀영역이 존재한다는 것을 의미한다. 황송포 현무암은 과거(ancient)의 태평양판 섭입대에 의해 공급되어 재활용된 해양지각 혹은 대륙지각으로 교대작용을 경험한 맨틀에서 부분용융에 의해 형성되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd, isotopic composition analysis have been carried out on the Miocene basalt (Huangsongpu basalt, 20 Ma) 25 km to northeast from the Mt. Baekdu. The basalt has Na2O+K2O=3.5~4.7 wt.%, and MgO=9.9~11.1 wt.%, containing Mg-rich olivine (Mg#=75~86), clinopyroxene (Mg#=72~85) and Ca-rich plagioclase micro-phenocrysts. These data suggest that the basalt belongs to the alkaline magma series with a primitive nature, crystallized at a near-liquidus. The basalt is also characterized by high Cr (394~479 ppm) and Ni (389~519 ppm) contents, Nb-Ta enrichment anomalies and OIB-like trace elements patterns, displaying identical signatures to those of typical intraplate magmas. The rare earth element (REE) patterns of the basalt and high (Gd/Yb)sample/(Gd/Yb)PM ratio (=2.8~3.5) suggest the parental magma was derived from relatively low-degree (3~5%) partial melting of garnet peridotite. The 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr composition of the basalt are higher than those of BSE. The high 87Sr/86Sr (= ~0.7058) ratio of the basalt indicates a contribution of recycled ancient oceanic crust or continental crust on the Pacific slab suggesting that the Huangsongpu basalt was generated from metasomatized mantle.

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표/그림 (14)

그림 Fig. 1. Simplified geological map showing (a) the present-day geodynamic setting along the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate (after Tatsumi et al., 2005) and (b) the stratigraphic relationships of volcanic rocks (after Lee., 1991, Yun et al., 1993 and Yun 2019), the sample (Huangsongpu basalt) location of this study, and the North Korea-China border in the northern part of the Korean peninsula.
그림 Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of the Huangsongpu basalt near the Mt. Baekdu area. All photos were taken under crosspolarized light except for photo "b" taken under plain-polarized light. (a, b) A typical aphyric texture showing micro-phenocrysts (mainly olivine) in glassy groundmass. Olivine is altered by iddingsite along the margin. (c) A plagioclase aggregate showing glomeroporphyritic texture, but is a rare feature. (d) Olivine fragments from mantle peridotites showing unusually large size and an invaded feature. Abbreviations: Ol=olivine, Cpx=clinopyroxene, Pl=plagioclase
그림 Fig. 3. Classification diagrams (after Cox et al., 1979) in terms of (a) Na₂O+K₂O wt.% versus SiO₂ wt.% (The dividing line between alkalic and subalkalic magma series is from Miyashiro, 1978.), (b) K₂O wt.% versus SiO₂ wt.%, (c) Na₂O wt.% versus SiO₂ wt.% and (d) K₂O wt.% versus Na₂O wt.%., which is compared with those (shaded area) from Kim et al.(2019) and Brenna et al.(2012).
표 Table 1. Major element compositions (wt.%) of the Huangsongpu basalt from the Mt. Baekdu area
표 Table 2. Trace element compositions(ppm) of the Huangsongpu basalt from the Mt. Baekdu area
그림 Fig. 4. Primitive mantle-normalized (Sun and McDonough, 1989) (a) REE patterns and (b) multi-element spider diagram illustrating the composition of the Huangsongpu basalt, which are compared with those from sample Haku7 (shaded line) (Kuritani et al., 2009).
표 Table 3. Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Huangsongpu basalt from the Mt. Baekdu area
그림 Fig. 5. Variations of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr versus ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd for the Huangsongpu basalt (solid circle) are plotted for comparison. The Huangsongpu basalt is compared with those from (a) Kim et al. (2005), (b) Workman et al. (2004) and (c) Choi et al. (2020). Shaded area in (a) shows the main oceanic mantle reservoirs of Zindler and Hart (1986). EMI and EMII=enriched mantle types I and II; DM=depleted mantle; BSE=bulk silicate Earth; HIMU=mantle with high U/Pb ratio; PREMA=frequently observed PRE valent mantle composition.
그림 Fig. 6. Olivine composition of the Huangsongpu basalt showing relationships between Mg# versus (a) NiO and (b) MnO.
표 Table 4. Representative compositions of olivine micro-phenocrysts in the Huangsongpu basalt from the Mt. Baekdu area
표 Table 5. Representative compositions of micro-pyroxene phenocrysts in the Huangsongpu basalt from the Mt. Baekdu area
표 Table 6. Representative compositions of plagioclase in the Huangsongpu basalt from the Mt. Baekdu area
그림 Fig. 7. Variations in trace element ratios for the Huangsongpu basalts from the Mt. Baekdu area. BSE=bulk silicate Earth; N-MORB=normal-mid ocean ridge basalt; OIB=oceanic island basalt; NCC=North China Craton. Mesozoic and Cenozoic field represent Mesozoic and Cenozoic basaltic rocks from the Central Zone, respectively (After Tang et al., 2012).
그림 Fig. 8. Gd/Yb–La/Yb diagram for the Huangsongpu basalts plotted using the diagram from Yokoyama et al. (2007). Calculated dotted curves for partial melting of a primitive mantle source(open circle in the lower left) and two curves labeled Grt 4% and 8% represent the abundance of garnet in the source, corresponding to 20:80 and 40:60 proportions of garnet : spinel lherzolite, respectively

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