[논문]초음파 영상을 이용한 고강도 집중 초음파 빔 시각화

송재희; 장진호; 유양모

doi:10.7776/ask.2020.39.1.016

[국내논문] 초음파 영상을 이용한 고강도 집중 초음파 빔 시각화
High-intensity focused ultrasound beam path visualization using ultrasound imaging 원문보기

한국음향학회지= The journal of the acoustical society of Korea, v.39 no.1, 2020년, pp.16 - 23

송재희 (Queenland Brain Institute, University of Queenland) , 장진호 (Departments of Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University) , 유양모 (Departments of Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University)

초록
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고강도 집중 초음파(High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, HIFU) 치료에서 HIFU 초점의 효과적인 위치 파악은 안전한 치료 계획을 개발하는 데 중요하다. 자기 공명 영상 유도 HIFU(Magnetic Resonance Imaging guided HIFU, MRIgHIFU)는 HIFU 초점을 영상화하여 치료 중에 초음파 경로를 시각화 할 수 있지만 초음파 이미징 유도 HIFU(Ultrasound imaging guided HIFU, USIgHIFU)에서는 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 USIgHIFU에 대해 HIFU 초점을 영상화할 수 있는 실시간 초음파 빔 시각화 기법을 제시 하였다. 제안 된 방법에서, 음향 강도(Ispta < 720 mW/㎠) 아래의 이미징 초음파 변환자의 동일한 중심 주파수를 갖는 짧은 펄스가 HIFU 변환기를 통해 전송되고, HIFU 빔 경로를 시각화하기 위해 수신 신호는 동적 수신 포커싱 및 후속 에코 처리를 거쳤다. 소 혈청 알부민 젤 팬텀을 이용한 생체외 실험으로부터, HIFU 빔 경로는 낮은 음향 강도 (Ispta = 94.8 mW/㎠)에서도 명확히 영상화 할 수 있었고 HIFU 초점은 손상이 생성되기 전에 성공적으로 시각화하였다. 이 결과는 제안 된 초음파 빔 경로 시각화 방법이 USIgHIFU 치료에서 원치 않는 조직 손상을 최소화하면서 실시간으로 HIFU 초점을 영상화하는 데 사용될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, effective localization of HIFU focus is important for developing a safe treatment plan. While Magnetic Resonance Imaging guided HIFU (MRIgHIFU) can visualize the ultrasound path during the treatment for localizing HIFU focus, it is challenging in ultrasound imaging guided HIFU (USIgHIFU). In the present study, a real-time ultrasound beam visualization technique capable of localizing HIFU focus is presented for USIgHIFU. In the proposed method, a short pulse, with the same center frequency of an imaging ultrasound transducer below the regulated acoustic intensity (i.e., Ispta < 720 mW/㎠), was transmitted through a HIFU transducer whereupon backscattered signals were received by the imaging transducer. To visualize the HIFU beam path, the backscattered signals underwent dynamic receive focusing and subsequent echo processing. From in vitro experiments with bovine serum albumin gel phantoms, the HIFU beam path was clearly depicted with low acoustic intensity (i.e., Ispta of 94.8 mW/㎠) and the HIFU focus was successfully localized before any damages were produced. This result indicates that the proposed ultrasound beam path visualization method can be used for localizing the HIFU focus in real time while minimizing unwanted tissue damage in USIgHIFU treatment.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

그림 Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) In vitro experimental setup for the pre-targeting and treatment of HIFU and the (b) setup for HIFU and imaging probes in the in vitro experiment.
표 Table 1. Parameters used in the in vitro experiment.
그림 Fig. 2. Ultrasound image of the BSA phantom before HIFU exposure.
그림 Fig. 3. (Color online) HIFU beam path image (a) before and (b) after controlling imaging parameters, using low intensity HIFU emission (i.e., derated Ispta = 94.8 mW/cm²) during the pre-targeting phase.
그림 Fig. 4. (Color online) Ultrasound image of the BSA phantom after HIFU lesion formation.
그림 Fig. 5. (Color online) Photograph of BSA phantom containing HIFU-induced lesion: (a) top view, (b) side view and (c) cross-sectional view.
그림 Fig. 6. (Color online) A measured HIFU beam profile.

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

In this paper, a precise and safe HIFU beam path and focus visualization method based on an ultrasound Bmode imaging is presented. Backscattered signals after HIFU exposure were directly used for generating a HIFU targeting image, in which the HIFU beam path and focus were determined, using coherent beamforming and subsequent echo processing.

제안 방법

Acoustic intensity during pre-targeting was measured for validating the safety of the proposed method. An Acoustic Intensity Measurement System (AIMS, Onda Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) with 6 axes and a capsule hydrophone (HGL-0200, Onda Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) were used for the measurement.
Acoustic intensity during pre-targeting was measured for validating the safety of the proposed method. An Acoustic Intensity Measurement System (AIMS, Onda Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) with 6 axes and a capsule hydrophone (HGL-0200, Onda Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) were used for the measurement. The HIFU transducer and the hydrophone were aligned manually because the AIMS software did not work for the H-102 HIFU transducer due to its double peak outside the focal depth.
The HIFU lesion was formed with a HIFU exposure time of approximately 120 s and an ultrasound image including the formed lesion was captured. Finally, the lesion location was compared with the predicted one in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.
In this paper, a HIFU beam path visualization method using conventional ultrasound B-mode imaging has been presented. From in vitro experiments, the proposed beam visualization method successfully localized the HIFU focus with low acoustic intensity and it was confirmed with the visual assessment of the formed HIFU lesion. This result indicates that the proposed HIFU beam path visualization method can enhance the efficacy of the ultrasound guided HIFU treatment while preventing adverse effects.
Backscattered signals after HIFU exposure were directly used for generating a HIFU targeting image, in which the HIFU beam path and focus were determined, using coherent beamforming and subsequent echo processing. The proposed method was evaluated with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) gel phantoms using a custom-built HIFU treatment system.
After the HIFU focus was predicted with low acoustic intensity from a beam path image, a HIFU lesion was generated by increasing the HIFU output. To evaluate the performance of the proposed pretargeting method, the location of the predicted HIFU focus was compared with a lesion from HIFU treatment. Due to the different purposes of pre-targeting and therapy experiments, as listed in Table 1, different experiment parameters were used.

성능/효과

From in vitro experiments, the proposed beam visualization method successfully localized the HIFU focus with low acoustic intensity and it was confirmed with the visual assessment of the formed HIFU lesion. This result indicates that the proposed HIFU beam path visualization method can enhance the efficacy of the ultrasound guided HIFU treatment while preventing adverse effects. Further validation with in vitro experiments concerning tissue samples and with in vivo experiments is required for clinical uses.

후속연구

3 MHz) when safety is concerned. Although the HIFU beam path can be successfully visualized on a B-mode ultrasound image, further investigations are required for confirming its accuracy and robustness. All pre-beamformed RF signals should be captured and then received beamforming needs to account for the gap between the HIFU and imaging probes.

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