[논문]한국 제조업체의 혁신활동 결정요인: 기업규모와 전유성의 역할

송지현

doi:10.5762/kais.2020.21.2.565

한국 제조업체의 혁신활동 결정요인: 기업규모와 전유성의 역할
The Determinants of Korean Manufacturing Firms' Innovative Activity: Do Firm Size and Appropriabilities Matter? 원문보기

한국산학기술학회논문지 = Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, v.21 no.2, 2020년, pp.565 - 577

초록
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본 연구는 기업규모와 전유성 등의 기술전략이 기업 혁신활동을 결정짓는 데 대한 영향을 실증적으로 분석해보았다. 한국기술혁신조사(KIS)의 2016년 2,003개 제조업체의 자료로 로짓회귀모형과 영과잉음이항회귀를 활용하였다. R&D 지출과 특허출원이 혁신활동의 성과를 나타내는 변수로서 이용되었다. 설명변수로서는 기업의 특성을 나타내는 기업 나이, 기술수준별 산업구분, R&D 종사자수, 벤처기업여부, 수출여부, 그리고 산업 전유 특성을 타나내는 네트워크, 전유방법, Spillover를 설정하였다. 우선, 실증적인 분석결과는 전반적으로 기업의 규모에 따라 혁신활동 결정요인이 다르게 나타남을 보여주고 있다. 더욱이 혁신활동을 결정짓는 데에, 중소기업은 대기업보다 산업의 특성에 의해 유의미하게 영향을 받았다. 규모가 작은 신생기업, 벤처기업, 혹은 수도권 소재기업일 때 혁신활동에 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 전략적 전유는 소기업 R&D 지출과 중기업의 특허출원 성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 다른 기업 또는 산업 간의 네트워크는 대기업을 제외한 기업들에서 혁신활동을 결정짓는 중요한 결정요인으로 나타나고 있다. 기업간의 기술적 상호작용은 기술 spillover과 혁신활동의 가능성을 높일 수 있으나, 이 성과는 기업 규모와 산업 특성에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있음을 보여준다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study empirically examined how a firm size affects the determinants of innovative activities using the data of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) 2016. With data from 2,003 firms in the manufacturing sector, we performed logistic regression analysis and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis. R&D expenditure and patent applications were used as proxies for innovative activity. The independent variables included the firm's characteristics variables such as the firm's age, tech-level industry, RDemp (R&D employee ratio), venture, export, and industrial characteristics variables such as networking, appropriability, and spillovers. The empirical findings are that there are some differences in firms' innovative activity determinants among the firms' size groups. Next, strategic appropriability has negative impacts on small firms' R&D expenditure and medium-firms' patents. Networking is an important determinant of innovative activity for all firms, except for large firms. Furthermore, in deciding R&D activities, small and medium-sized firms were significantly influenced by industrial characteristics as compared to that of large firms. Our findings suggest some R&D promotion policies. Policies fostering firms' technological interaction would allow firms to take advantage of technological spillovers and thus raise the probability of investing in R&D.

주제어

표/그림 (4)

표 Table 1. Explanatory Variables
표 Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of the Variables
표 Table 3. Results of ZINB Regression Analysis: Patents
표 Table 4. Results of Logistic Regression Analysis

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문제 정의

Our findings make an important contribution to the understanding of the determinants of firms decision to undertake R&D activities and suggest possible R&D promotion policies.
The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the determinants of R&D investment decision of Korean manufacturing firms by firm size, estimating logistic model.
This study shows that there are significant differences in the determinants of R&D activities between the manufacturing firms size groups.

가설 설정

Schumpeter [2] claims 1) monopolistic firms and innovation have a positive relationship, and 2) large firms are more innovative than small and medium sized firms. The reason why the opinions of Schumpeter are supported is that 1) the R&D project has to have a large fixed cost and large enough sales to exist in a wide range of economies 2) Large firms have stronger cash flows and greater financial capability to fund innovation 3) The more diversified large firms are in a position to realize potential innovation.
Schumpeter [2] claims 1) monopolistic firms and innovation have a positive relationship, and 2) large firms are more innovative than small and medium sized firms. The reason why the opinions of Schumpeter are supported is that 1) the R&D project has to have a large fixed cost and large enough sales to exist in a wide range of economies 2) Large firms have stronger cash flows and greater financial capability to fund innovation 3) The more diversified large firms are in a position to realize potential innovation. And large firms can push for multiple projects at the same time and spread R&D risk.
4) Larger firms may have access to a wider range of knowledge and human capital skills than small firms, allowing higher rates of innovation. 5) The larger the size of firms, the easier it is to attribute the results of innovation, and the resulting region (rent) is an incentive to innovate. On the contrary, Scherer & Ross [3] said, "As the size of firm increases, the efficiency of R&D decreases, so the smaller firms, the more innovation they make".
6) Spillover has a positive impact on R&D expenditure of medium-sized firms.
However strategic appropriability has negative impacts on small firms' R&D expenditure and medium-firms' patent. 7) Network is an important determinant of innovative activity for overall firms, except for in large firm. It is interpreted that for small and medium-sized firms the cooperation is more important than competition in terms of technology strategy for the survival and growth of firms[29].

제안 방법

For the investigation, the survey questionnaire includes categories of survey parameters, such as general information about business operation, purposes of innovation, R&D cost, total sales, and information sources of innovation etc.

대상 데이터

) in the final data set. The sample used in this study is thus made of the remaining 2,003 firms. Means and standard deviations of firm size, age, and key control variables are listed.
This CIS 2002 used in current study contains detailed questions on various innovation activities at the firm level. The survey is based on the manufacturing firms who employ at least 10 people or greater and who were founded before year 2013. For the investigation, the survey questionnaire includes categories of survey parameters, such as general information about business operation, purposes of innovation, R&D cost, total sales, and information sources of innovation etc.

이론/모형

The data used in this paper are drawn from the Korean Innovation Survey 2016(henceforth KIS 2016) which has been conducted yearly since 1997 by the Science and Technology Policy Institute(STEPI) based on the OECD Oslo Community Innovation Survey(CIS) manual. This dataset which comprises data about innovation activity at the firm level in Korea covers 21 industrial sectors based on the Hankyung Database(DB) industrial classification.

성능/효과

1) We obtained the results that the probability of undertaking R&D expenditure increases with age and decreases with age square only in small firms.
It means that young and old firms spend more R&D expenditure than middle-age firms if they're small-sized. 2) It was analyzed that venture firms have a positive impact on patent activities only for large and small-sized firms. 3) Contrary to expectations, exports are negatively affecting R&D expenditure of large and medium sized firms.
And large firms can push for multiple projects at the same time and spread R&D risk. 4) Larger firms may have access to a wider range of knowledge and human capital skills than small firms, allowing higher rates of innovation. 5) The larger the size of firms, the easier it is to attribute the results of innovation, and the resulting region (rent) is an incentive to innovate.
Results presented that firms with main office in capital region are disadvantageous to joint R&D, if the firms are in the non-ICT high tech firms.

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