Back, Chi-Yun
(Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University)
,
Hyun, Dae-Sung
(Department of Biostatistics & Computing, Graduate School of Yonsei University)
,
Jeung, Da-Yee
(Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanyang Women's University)
,
Chang, Sei-Jin
(Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University)
Background: The current lack of the number of nurses and high nurse turnover rate leads to major problems for the health-care system in terms of cost, patient care ability, and quality of care. Theoretically, burnout may help link emotional labor with turnover intention. The purpose of this study wa...
Background: The current lack of the number of nurses and high nurse turnover rate leads to major problems for the health-care system in terms of cost, patient care ability, and quality of care. Theoretically, burnout may help link emotional labor with turnover intention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of burnout in the association between emotional labor and turnover intention in Korean clinical nurses. Methods: Using data collected from a sample of 606 nurses from six Korean hospitals, we conducted a multiple regression analysis to determine the relationships among clinical nurses' emotional labor, burnout, and turnover intention, looking at burnout as a mediator. Results: The results fully and partially support the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between the subfactors of emotional labor and turnover intention. In particular, burnout partially mediated the relationship between emotional disharmony and hurt, organizational surveillance and monitoring, and lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization. In addition, we found that burnout has a significant full mediation effect on the relationship between overload and conflicts in customer service and turnover intention. Although the mediating effect of burnout was significantly associated with the demands and regulation of emotions, no significant effects on turnover intention were found. Conclusion: To reduce nurses' turnover, we recommend developing strategies that target both burnout and emotional labor, given that burnout fully and partially mediated the effects of emotional labor on turnover intention, and emotional labor was directly associated with turnover intention.
Background: The current lack of the number of nurses and high nurse turnover rate leads to major problems for the health-care system in terms of cost, patient care ability, and quality of care. Theoretically, burnout may help link emotional labor with turnover intention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of burnout in the association between emotional labor and turnover intention in Korean clinical nurses. Methods: Using data collected from a sample of 606 nurses from six Korean hospitals, we conducted a multiple regression analysis to determine the relationships among clinical nurses' emotional labor, burnout, and turnover intention, looking at burnout as a mediator. Results: The results fully and partially support the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between the subfactors of emotional labor and turnover intention. In particular, burnout partially mediated the relationship between emotional disharmony and hurt, organizational surveillance and monitoring, and lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization. In addition, we found that burnout has a significant full mediation effect on the relationship between overload and conflicts in customer service and turnover intention. Although the mediating effect of burnout was significantly associated with the demands and regulation of emotions, no significant effects on turnover intention were found. Conclusion: To reduce nurses' turnover, we recommend developing strategies that target both burnout and emotional labor, given that burnout fully and partially mediated the effects of emotional labor on turnover intention, and emotional labor was directly associated with turnover intention.
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문제 정의
In this study, we examined the mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between emotional labor and turnover intention. The findings indicated that overload and conflict in customer service, emotional disharmony and hurt, organizational surveillance and monitoring, and lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization were significantly associated with burnout and turnover intention.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the relationship among clinical nurses’ emotional labor, burnout, and turnover intention.
가설 설정
Hypothesis 2. Burnout mediates the relationship between emotional labor and turnover intention.
제안 방법
Study participants were nurses working at one of six general hospitals located in Seoul or Gangwon Province. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 606 registered nurses (response rate 60.
First, selection bias is a potential limitation of this study because we selected the participating facilities without randomization and participants could choose whether to participate in the study. Furthermore, all data in this study were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, thus presenting the possibility of common method bias. It cannot exclude the possibilities to select out from enrollment of the study so-called “healthy worker effect”.
The basis of our investigation of the associations between emotional labor, burnout, and turnover intention among clinical nurses was “the dissonance theory of emotional labor.
904 in the present study. To confirm the factor structure of the K-ELS in our sample, we performed a principal component factor analysis with a varimax rotation. The results revealed five factors with eigenvalues of 1.
대상 데이터
Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 606 registered nurses (response rate 60.6%) were included in the final analysis, after excluding 24 questionnaires for incomplete responses. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to examine the relationship of emotional labor and burnout to turnover intention in clinical nurses.
Study participants were nurses working at one of six general hospitals located in Seoul or Gangwon Province. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.
The scale comprises six items measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (“not at all”) and 5 (“very much”).
데이터처리
Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations between emotional labor, burnout, and turnover intention.
이론/모형
Burnout was assessed using the 5-item scale developed by Maslach and Jackson [11]. Each item was measured on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (“not at all”) to 4 (“very often”).
Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations between emotional labor, burnout, and turnover intention. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between emotional labor and turnover intention; this finding was validated using the 3-step mediation analysis method developed by Baron and Kenny [24]. This causal-steps approach to testing mediation entails a specific sequence of tests to examine the relationships among the variables, making it suitable for analysis [25].
The Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS) [10] was used to assess emotional labor. This 24-item scale comprises five subscales, including five items for emotional demand and regulation, three for overload and conflict in customer service, six for emotional disharmony and hurt, three for organizational surveillance and monitoring, and seven for lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization.
Notably, however, Baron and Kenny [24] mentioned that only Condition 2 and 3 are needed to demonstrate mediation effects. The statistical significance of the mediating effect was validated using the Sobel test. We adjusted for Type I error using Bonferroni corrections, and difference with a p < 0.
성능/효과
In conclusion, this study suggests that emotional labor is related to turnover intention and burnout mediates the relationship between emotional labor and turnover intention in clinical nurses, in an attempt to devise intervention strategies to reduce nurses’ turnover intention and to ultimately improve the management of nursing personnel and quality of medical services. The increasing attention on the concept of emotional labor allowed us to use an emotional labor scale that was developed considering Korea’s sociocultural characteristics and to verify its validity in the field of nursing.
In this study, we examined the mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between emotional labor and turnover intention. The findings indicated that overload and conflict in customer service, emotional disharmony and hurt, organizational surveillance and monitoring, and lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization were significantly associated with burnout and turnover intention. This coincides with the results of prior studies that reported that emotional labor induces burnout, and that it is positively correlated with turnover intention [21,26,27].
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