[논문]중소기업 구성원의 긍정심리자본, 직무소진, 조직시민행동의 영향관계

최성용; 하규수

doi:10.16972/apjbve.15.3.202006.159

중소기업 구성원의 긍정심리자본, 직무소진, 조직시민행동의 영향관계
A Study on the Influence of Positive Psychological Capital of Small and Medium Business Members, Job Burnout, and Organizational Citizen Behavior 원문보기

벤처창업연구= Asia-Pacific journal of business and venturing, v.15 no.3, 2020년, pp.159 - 174

최성용 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 벤처경영학과) , 하규수 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 벤처경영학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구는 긍정심리자본이 직무소진에 미치는 영향을 분석한 실증연구이다. 또한 긍정심리자본이 조직시민행동과 어떤 작용을 하며, 직무소진 간 블랙박스(Black box), 즉 매개변수로서 조직시민행동의 역할을 검증하고자 하였다. 그 다음에 조직시민행동의 하위요소를 개인지향 조직시민행동과 조직지향 조직시민행동의 둘로 나누어 함께 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 중소기업 구성원을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 변수간의 관계를 비교분석 하였다. 긍정심리자본은 조직의 긍정적인 심리상태와 강점을 개발하여 효과성을 증진시킬 수 있기에 구성원의 직무소진을 감소시키고, 밀레니얼로 대변되는 젊은 세대들의 성향을 포용해 줄 수 있다는 점에서 그 관심이 높아지는 키워드로 연구의 필요성이 있다. 본 연구 결과 첫째, 중소기업 구성원의 긍정심리자본은 조직시민행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 긍정심리자본은 직무소진에 유의미한 부의 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 긍정심리자본과 조직시민행동이 직무소진에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 검증이었다. 긍정심리자본과 직무소진의 영향 관계에서 조직지향 조직시민행동이 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 조직시민행동 중 개인지향의 조직시민행동은 유효하지 않은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 연구는 그 동안 서비스 접점 분야의 감정노동자(승무원, 간호사, 상담원 등)나 보육교사, 사회복지사 등에 주로 연구되던 긍정심리자본과 직무소진을 조직시민행동의 매개변수를 활용해 중소기업 구성원들에게 적용한 것에 그 시사점을 둘 수 있다. 중소기업 구성원들의 회사에 대한 애사심과 임직원간의 배려심 향상, 그로 인한 조직구성원들의 조직몰입과 업무성과 등은 이 긍정심리자본과 조직시민행동을 통해 더 제고될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 자본과 자원이 상대적으로 부족한 중소기업들에게 지속가능경영을 할 수 있는 모멘텀을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study is an empirical study analyzing the effects of positive psychological capital on job burnout. In addition, positive psychological capital played a role in organizational citizenship behavior, and tried to verify the role of organizational citizenship behavior as a black box, or parameter, between job burnout. And then, the sub-factors of organizational citizenship behavior were divided into two: individual-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and organization-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted for members of small and medium-sized enterprises to compare and analyze the relationship between variables. Positive psychological capital is increasing interest in that it can reduce the job burnout of members and embrace the propensity of young generations represented by millennials because it can improve the effectiveness by developing positive mental states and strengths of the organization. There is a need for research as a keyword. As a result of this study, first, it was found that positive psychological capital of SME(small and medium-sized enterprises) members had a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Second, positive psychological capital was found to have a significant negative effect on job burnout. Third, it was a verification of how positive psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior affect job burnout. In the relationship between positive psychological capital and job burnout, organization-oriented organizational citizenship behavior was found to play a mediating role. However, it was found that individual-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors among the organizational citizenship behaviors are not valid. In this study, positive psychological capital and job burnout, which have been mainly studied in service workers' emotional workers(crew, nurses, counselors, etc.), nursery teachers, and social workers, were applied to SME members by using the parameters of organizational citizenship behavior. You can put that implication on things. The positive psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior can be further enhanced through SME members' love for the company, improvement of consideration among employees and resulting organizational commitment and work performance. It could also provide momentum for sustainable management for small and medium-sized enterprises that are relatively short of capital and resources.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	긍정심리자본이란?	긍정심리자본(Positive psychological capital)은 개인의 발전을 추구하는 긍정적인 심리상태를 지칭하는 것으로, 사전적으로는 사람과 사물에 대한 긍정적 사고로 인해 나타나는 마음속의 자본 또는 수단으로 풀이된다. 1990년대 후반에 창시된 긍정심리학의 영향을 받아서 조직행동 분야에서도 긍정 조직 행동에 대한 접근이 시도되고 있다.
	긍정심리자본의 구성요소는?	위에서 살펴본 것처럼, 본 논문에서 긍정심리자본의 구성요소는 자기효능감, 희망, 낙관주의, 복원력으로 바라볼 것이다. 첫번째 자기효능감(self-efficacy)은 자신의 능력에 대한 전념을 뜻하는 것으로 개인의 능력(ability)또는 성과에 대한 기대(expectation)보다는 긍정적인 신념(positive belief)을 의미한다 (Bandura, 1997).
	최근 중소기업이 어떠한 문제에 직면해있는가?	이 조사 결과처럼, 현재도 우리 중소기업은 일과 삶의 균형 (약칭 워라밸, Work & Life Balance)이라는 정부 정책기조에 따라 근로시간 감축 및 최저임금 인상에 따른 대내외적 압박에 직면하고 있다. 또한 2020년 초부터 재해 수준이라고 하는 코로나 바이러스로 인해 급속한 경기침체와 불황에도 직면해 있다. 이처럼 대내적인 것뿐만 아니라 통제가 불가능한 대외 변수까지 속속 생겨나고 있다.

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