Shin, Sun-Hwa
(College of Nursing, Sahmyook University)
,
Kim, Hyeon-Young
(College of Nursing, Sahmyook University)
,
Woo, Hee-Yeong
(School of Nursing, Sahmyook Health University)
,
Lee, Myung-Nam
(Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University)
,
Kim, Ye-Jean
(School of Nursing, Sahmyook Health University)
Purpose: This study aimed to describe the meaning of spiritual care as perceived by nursing students. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design, and the participants were 126 fourth-year nursing students from three nursing colleges. Data were collected from August to September 2019, and...
Purpose: This study aimed to describe the meaning of spiritual care as perceived by nursing students. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design, and the participants were 126 fourth-year nursing students from three nursing colleges. Data were collected from August to September 2019, and were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: Four themes of spiritual care with 15 sub-themes were extracted from the content analysis: 1) "promoting spiritual well-being" (sub-themes: "providing religious help", "caring for the patient as a spiritual being", and "presupposing human dignity regardless of religion"); 2) "taking place in actual nursing practice" (representative sub-themes: "considering the perspective of the patient", "reducing suffering"); 3) "caring for the multifaceted needs of human beings" (representative sub-themes: "providing physical, mental, and spiritual care", "caring for both the mental and physical health of the patient"), and 4) "growing together" (sub-themes: "positively affecting patient well-being", "beginning with the nurse's self-transcendence"). Conclusion: These results suggest that nursing students consider spiritual care to be a highly positive and practical form of nursing care. However, because few students have been exposed to religion and spirituality, more systematic training should be provided.
Purpose: This study aimed to describe the meaning of spiritual care as perceived by nursing students. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design, and the participants were 126 fourth-year nursing students from three nursing colleges. Data were collected from August to September 2019, and were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: Four themes of spiritual care with 15 sub-themes were extracted from the content analysis: 1) "promoting spiritual well-being" (sub-themes: "providing religious help", "caring for the patient as a spiritual being", and "presupposing human dignity regardless of religion"); 2) "taking place in actual nursing practice" (representative sub-themes: "considering the perspective of the patient", "reducing suffering"); 3) "caring for the multifaceted needs of human beings" (representative sub-themes: "providing physical, mental, and spiritual care", "caring for both the mental and physical health of the patient"), and 4) "growing together" (sub-themes: "positively affecting patient well-being", "beginning with the nurse's self-transcendence"). Conclusion: These results suggest that nursing students consider spiritual care to be a highly positive and practical form of nursing care. However, because few students have been exposed to religion and spirituality, more systematic training should be provided.
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문제 정의
Learning and becoming aware of spiritual care through theoretical studies and clinical practice will serve as the foundation for nursing students to provide spiritual care as actual nurses. Against this backdrop, this study sought to verify the meaning of spiritual care experienced by nursing students through their clinical practice course. The purpose of this study was to understand how senior nursing students perceived spiritual care and to identify their perceptions of the meaning of spiritual care.
The participants of this study were senior nursing students who were able to express their opinions on the subject based on their clinical practice course experiences. Participants were selected using convenience sampling among undergraduate students of a nursing college and a nursing community college in Seoul, and undergraduate students of a nursing college in Gangwon Province.
Against this backdrop, this study sought to verify the meaning of spiritual care experienced by nursing students through their clinical practice course. The purpose of this study was to understand how senior nursing students perceived spiritual care and to identify their perceptions of the meaning of spiritual care. Hopefully, the findings of this study will serve as the foundation for developing a curriculum focused on spirituality and strengthened spirituality training.
This study aimed to identify the content of nursing students’ perceptions of the meaning of spiritual care with the goal of providing a foundation for seeking ways to enhance spiritual care competencies in nursing education.
제안 방법
Based on this foundation, the researchers created a set of questions consisting of two specific domains—the meaning of spiritual care and the practice of spiritual care—informed by the framework of logotherapy to research the experiences of nursing students with spiritual care (Figure 1).
The collected survey data were analyzed using the following method: First, each researcher extracted sentences considered to be relevant to the meaning of spiritual care from the participants’ responses, and then the compared the 389 selected sentences head-to-head and identified the final sentences after repeated reviews of the original text submitted by the participants. Second, the researchers selected the final 352 sentences after reviewing previously selected sentences that were thought to convey the meaning of spiritual care, through two meetings. Third, the 352 sentences were categorized into sub-themes with similar content.
The collected survey data were analyzed using the following method: First, each researcher extracted sentences considered to be relevant to the meaning of spiritual care from the participants’ responses, and then the compared the 389 selected sentences head-to-head and identified the final sentences after repeated reviews of the original text submitted by the participants.
The level of agreement among researchers when categorizing the content was calculated [23], and Holsti’s method of intercoder reliability showed a high level of agreement (94%). The credibility of the outcomes of this study was carefully ensured by having researchers maintain a neutral stance when analyzing the data, having an nursing professor with experience in content analysis in the field confirm the validity of the final themes and sub-themes, and by confirming the content with participants.
The data were evaluated by four nursing professors who had 8 to 20 years of experience teaching at nursing colleges, as well as experience in qualitative research and content analysis. The actual coding of the data was performed after many calibration sessions until the agreement among the researchers met the 90% threshold needed to achieve an adequate confidence level.
The findings of this study on the specific content of spiritual care through nursing students’ statements include smooth communication, friendly words, abundant conversation, consoling words, and warm eye-contact.
The findings of this study should be carefully interpreted, as the survey was only conducted among students attending three nursing colleges. The key suggestions based on the findings of this study are as follows: First, we suggest that future studies should research the diverse range of variables that can affect the spiritual nursing competencies of nursing students.
This also supports the claim of a previous study that spiritual care is the only subjective and dynamic method that integrates all the aspects above [12]. The main novel finding of this study is that subjects of holistic care should include both patients and those who share space with patients, such as family members, nurses, caregivers, and janitors. This implies the need for holistic nursing that addresses the spiritual well-being of family and professional caregivers who spend time with patients.
Each theme was categorized based on the statements submitted by participants. The number of core sentences by each participant ranged from 1 to 6, and the frequency and percentage of significant findings within each theme were calculated using quantitative content analysis.
This study used qualitative content analysis to categorize the content of nursing students’ perceptions regarding the meaning of spiritual care.
대상 데이터
Participants were selected with the goal of representing different opinions across regions, schools, and religions to obtain insights into diverse opinions on spiritual care. A total of 126 (46.7%) senior students participated in this study. The process of sampling participants is shown in Figure 2.
Data collection was carried out between the end of August and mid-September in 2019. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of S University to protect the participants (Approval number: 2-7001793-AB-N012019078HR).
Study design: SHS, HYK, HYW, YJK. Data collection: SHS, YJK, MNL. Data analysis: SHS, HYK, HYW, YJK.
The participants of this study were senior nursing students who were able to express their opinions on the subject based on their clinical practice course experiences. Participants were selected using convenience sampling among undergraduate students of a nursing college and a nursing community college in Seoul, and undergraduate students of a nursing college in Gangwon Province. Participants were selected with the goal of representing different opinions across regions, schools, and religions to obtain insights into diverse opinions on spiritual care.
이론/모형
The conceptional foundation of this study is based on Frankl’s [1] concept of logotherapy, represented by the “will to meaning.
성능/효과
As such, spiritual care is a crucial aspect of treating patients, and good spiritual care may yield positive results both for patients and for medical service providers[12,18]. This study found that nurses should have the experience of self-transcendence by spiritually caring for themselves, in addition to bringing positive changes for patients. Existing studies of nursing students showed that the clinical practice of spiritual nursing gave them the chance to become more mature by realizing weak spots of their spiritual condition and reflecting on themselves [20].
후속연구
Although some Christian nursing schools offer nursing clinical practice courses that include spiritual care from a religious perspective [20], other concepts of spirituality, spiritual being, and spiritual needs in terms of human dignity include the meaning and purpose of life, hope, and satisfaction. Further research should be carried out to promote spiritual nursing that cares for patients as spiritual beings, beyond religion, in clinical and nursing education settings.
The purpose of this study was to understand how senior nursing students perceived spiritual care and to identify their perceptions of the meaning of spiritual care. Hopefully, the findings of this study will serve as the foundation for developing a curriculum focused on spirituality and strengthened spirituality training.
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