[논문]Laboratory Evaluation of the Marking Effect of Sudan Red 7B on Subterranean Termites (Reticulitermes speratus) in Republic of Korea

IM, Ik-Gyun; HAN, Gyu-Seong

doi:10.5658/wood.2020.48.5.745

[국내논문] Laboratory Evaluation of the Marking Effect of Sudan Red 7B on Subterranean Termites (Reticulitermes speratus) in Republic of Korea 원문보기

목재공학 = Journal of the Korean wood science and technology, v.48 no.5, 2020년, pp.745 - 754

IM, Ik-Gyun (Department of Cultural Heritage Science, Chungbuk National University) , HAN, Gyu-Seong (Department of Wood and Paper Science, Chungbuk National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The dye marker Sudan Red 7B was tested as an effective and appropriate marking method for searching the territory of the termite, Reticulitermes speratus, in Korea. The sensitivity of termites to the dye marker was evaluated by measuring the feed consumption amount, survival rate, retention time, and transfer efficiency of R. speratus according to the concentration and feeding period of Sudan Red 7B. As the concentration conditions of dye marker increase, Sudan Red 7B remarkably reduced the feed consumption of the termites. The survival rate was not significantly different from that of the control group (more than 90%), except when feed containing 1% or 2% concentrations of the dye marker was given for five days. The duration of the marking effect persisted for seven days, even at a concentration of 2% dye marker in the feed. No dye transfer by trophallaxis occurred between termites marked with Sudan Red 7B and unmarked termites.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

그림 Fig. 1. The trial arena for termite marking.
그림 Fig. 2. Feed consumption according to the concentration of the dye marker.
그림 Fig. 3. Survival rate of 3-day feeding termites according to the concentration of the dye marker.
그림 Fig. 4. Survival rate of 5-day feeding termites according to the concentration of the dye marker.
표 Table 1. Feed consumption ratio to control according to the concentration of the dye marker
그림 Fig. 5. Marking pattern after 5 days feeding activity according to the concentration of dye marker (A: control, B: 0.5% C: 1.0%, D: 2.0%).
그림 Fig. 6. Changes in body color of marked (2% concentration) termites (A: control, B: after 1-day C: after 4-day, D: after 7-day).
그림 Fig. 7. The images of attachment of termite saliva (red vomit) to the wall of the feeding activity vial.
그림 Fig. 8. Marked (red arrow) and unmarked (white arrow) termites.

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가설 설정

However, in the process of feeding general food, the attachment of termite saliva (red vomit) to the wall of the feeding activity vial was observed as shown in Fig. 7. It means that the dye marker in the body of termites are continuously released over time.

제안 방법

200 µl of the dye marker prepared for each concentration condition was applied to the dried filter paper, and after volatilizing acetone, it was dried again to a constant weight in a dry oven at 60°C. As the dye marker used in the experiment, Sudan Red 7B was diluted with acetone at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% (wt/wt). As a result, the weight ratio of the dye marker contained in the feed sample was 0.
1, 200 marked workers for each condition were divided into 100 individuals and placed in a trial vial. The number of replicates was 20 for each condition, and after 5 and 10 days, 10 replicates for each condition were randomly selected to check the survival rate.
The retention time of the dye marker was checked for termites fed with sample containing 2% concentration of the dye marker. The termites fed with sample containing the dye marker for 5 days were observed with an stereoscopic microscope for marking persistence over time for 1, 4, and 7 days while feeding general food.
200 workers were added to each petri dish to enable feeding activities. The termites were exposed under No- Choice conditions for 3 days and 5 days according to the concentration of the dye marker, so that the workers were stained with the dye marker. Each experiment was carried out in a total of 15 replicates, 3 times and 5 repetitions for each condition.
In order to confirm the marking effect that can be monitored for the marked termite individuals, the retention time of the dye marker was checked for the marked termites. The termites were exposed under No-Choice conditions for 3 days and 5 days according to the concentration of the dye marker, so that the termites were stained with the dye marker. Fig.
Therefore, in this study, we tried to find an effective and appropriate marking method to search the realistic approximation of the termite (Reticulitermes speratus) colony territory living in Korea. Sudan Red 7B was applied as a dye marker for termites collected near Sejong City.

대상 데이터

A sample with containing dye marker was placed top of silica sand containing distilled water in the 90 mm petri dish. 200 workers were added to each petri dish to enable feeding activities. The termites were exposed under No- Choice conditions for 3 days and 5 days according to the concentration of the dye marker, so that the workers were stained with the dye marker.
The termites were exposed under No- Choice conditions for 3 days and 5 days according to the concentration of the dye marker, so that the workers were stained with the dye marker. Each experiment was carried out in a total of 15 replicates, 3 times and 5 repetitions for each condition.
Wood attacked by termites was collected from the hills in the Goundong area of Sejong-si and stored in a storage container in the laboratory. Termite individuals to be used in the experiment were separated as follows by modifying the method of Judd and Fasnacht (2007), Tamashiro et al.

성능/효과

The same colony, it was confirmed whether staining transfer by the dye marker occurred between the marked and unmarked individuals. As a result of evaluating the transfer effect of the dye marker for termites fed food containing 2% concentration of the dye marker, the ratio of the number of marked and unmarked individuals was equal to 1:1 even after 48 hours. Grace and Abdallay (1989) reported the absence of any appreciable dye transfer by trophallaxis in Reticulitermes.
It is also consistent with a study by Grace and Abdallay (1989), who mentioned that a 2% concentration, approximately 16% mortality rate in the 5-day feeding condition was confirmed and applicable. As a result of visual observation, it was confirmed that termites that ate food with a dye marker concentration of 1% or more for 5 days were less active than termites that ate food (all concentration conditions) for 3 days.
flavipes. In conclusion, it was found that individuals marked with Sudan Red 7B did not transfer the dye marker by trophallaxis (nutrient exchange) to other individuals in the same colony.
In conclusion, the marking effect of Sudan Red 7B on Reticulitermes speratus was confirmed. Sudan Red 7B was indicated to have no transfer efficiency and survival rate of 2% concentration condition about 85% to R.
Reticulitermes flavipes were fed with 2% Sudan Red 7B-marked feed, which showed a feed consumption of about 43% (for 3 days) and 66% (for 5 days) compared to the control group. It was found that the feeding behavior was very different between Reticulitermes speratus and Reticulitermes flavipes.
In reality, the marking effect is expected to disappear more rapidly because termites feed on a wider variety of food sources than in laboratory conditions. Therefore, in order to estimate the active area of termites using Sudan Red 7B as a dye marker, the moving radius of the marked termites must be confirmed within 5 days from the date of release of the marked termites.

후속연구

The laboratory evaluation method for dye markers established through this study will be applicable to various colored dye markers in the future. In addition, it may be usefully used to establish the type and concentration standard of the dye marker applicable to Reticulitermes speratus living in Korea.
However, when the saw dust diet is fed, the 7 day marking retention time has been confirmed and it is considered that it can be applied as a dye marker to a relatively short-term experiment within 7 days. whether Sudan Red 7B can exhibit sufficient marking effect even in outdoor conditions should be revealed through additional studies.

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