[국내논문]Responses of Low-Quality Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activities to Application of a Mixed Material of Humic Acid, Biochar, and Super Absorbent Polymer원문보기
Li, Fangze
(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology)
,
Men, Shuhui
(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology)
,
Zhang, Shiwei
(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
,
Huang, Juan
(Shenzhen Techand Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd.)
,
Puyang, Xuehua
(Shenzhen Techand Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd.)
,
Wu, Zhenqing
(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology)
,
Huang, Zhanbin
(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology)
Low-quality soil for land reuse is a crucial problem in vegetation quality and especially to waste disposal sites in mining areas. It is necessary to find suitable materials to improve the soil quality and especially to increase soil microbial diversity and activity. In this study, pot experiments w...
Low-quality soil for land reuse is a crucial problem in vegetation quality and especially to waste disposal sites in mining areas. It is necessary to find suitable materials to improve the soil quality and especially to increase soil microbial diversity and activity. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a mixed material of humic acid, super absorbent polymer and biochar on low-quality soil indexes and the microbial community response. The indexes included soil physicochemical properties and the corresponding plant growth. The results showed that the mixed material could improve chemical properties and physical structure of soil by increasing the bulk density, porosity, macro aggregate, and promote the mineralization of nutrient elements in soil. The best performance was achieved by adding 3 g·kg-1 super absorbent polymer, 3 g·kg-1 humic acid, and 10 g·kg-1 biochar to soil with plant total nitrogen, dry weight and height increased by 85.18%, 266.41% and 74.06%, respectively. Physicochemical properties caused changes in soil microbial diversity. Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria were significantly positively correlated with most of the physical, chemical and plant indicators. Actinobacteria and Armatimonadetes were significantly negatively correlated with most measurement factors. Therefore, this study can contribute to improving the understanding of low-quality soil and how it affects soil microbial functions and sustainability.
Low-quality soil for land reuse is a crucial problem in vegetation quality and especially to waste disposal sites in mining areas. It is necessary to find suitable materials to improve the soil quality and especially to increase soil microbial diversity and activity. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a mixed material of humic acid, super absorbent polymer and biochar on low-quality soil indexes and the microbial community response. The indexes included soil physicochemical properties and the corresponding plant growth. The results showed that the mixed material could improve chemical properties and physical structure of soil by increasing the bulk density, porosity, macro aggregate, and promote the mineralization of nutrient elements in soil. The best performance was achieved by adding 3 g·kg-1 super absorbent polymer, 3 g·kg-1 humic acid, and 10 g·kg-1 biochar to soil with plant total nitrogen, dry weight and height increased by 85.18%, 266.41% and 74.06%, respectively. Physicochemical properties caused changes in soil microbial diversity. Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria were significantly positively correlated with most of the physical, chemical and plant indicators. Actinobacteria and Armatimonadetes were significantly negatively correlated with most measurement factors. Therefore, this study can contribute to improving the understanding of low-quality soil and how it affects soil microbial functions and sustainability.
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문제 정의
The physicochemical properties of soil and microbial community and activities were also investigated to learn the effect of mixed materials on plant growth. This study will enhance low-quality soil improvement and the use for agricultural production and vegetation restoration.
Actinobacteria and Armatimonadetes were significantly negatively correlated with most measurement factors. This study will also serve as a valuable reference for the improvement of soil.
제안 방법
In this study, a pot experiment in which the mixed materials of humic acid, biochar, and super absorbent polymer were to soil was conducted to study the effects on low-quality soils such as deep tillage barren soil. The physicochemical properties of soil and microbial community and activities were also investigated to learn the effect of mixed materials on plant growth.
com/uparse/), and chimeric sequences were identified and removed using UCHIME. The taxonomy of each 16S rRNA gene sequence was analyzed using RDP Classifier (http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/) against the SILVA (SSU115) 16S rRNA database with a confidence threshold of 70% [31].One-way ANOVA (SPSS software package) was used to evaluate the soil parameters, plant biomass, plant height, species richness, and root element contents.
Pairs of mean values were compared using least significant difference (LSD). Bivariate correlations were used to determine the correlation of species richness with soil pH, litter amount, soil moisture, soil inorganic N concentrations, and AP concentrations. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were used to identify the most important factor affecting species richness after the addition of the mixed materials.
Bulk density, specific gravity, and porosity of soil were determined to investigate the effects of different compositions of the mixed material. Averaged across all sources of variation, porosity dominated the improvement of soil physical structure in the study region, with an increase of 27.
Streptomyces provided strong support of nitrogen fixation [37]. The similarity of bacterial community composition among the different treatments at the OTU level was analyzed using clustering analysis (Fig. 3), showing strong similarities between CK, E1, and E5 and between E2, E3, and E7. However, there was no obvious relationship between E9 and other samples.
대상 데이터
This study was conducted at the Beijing Institute of Light Industry base, in the village of Tingzizhuang, Changping District, Beijing, China (40°19′N, 116°15′E).
Biochar (B, powder, produced by the pyrolysis of rice husk at 600℃, purity>75%), was obtained from Zhonglian Northwest Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xi’an, Shanxi Province, China.
The experiment began in April 2018 in experimental pots (30 cm in diameter and 50 cm in height) containing 10 kg of soil in each pot. A 1 × 1 × 0.
Purified amplicons were pooled, and equimolar samples were paired-end sequenced (2 × 250) on an Illumina MiSeq platform according to the standard protocols. The sequencing data were deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRP187660).
데이터처리
edu/) against the SILVA (SSU115) 16S rRNA database with a confidence threshold of 70% [31].One-way ANOVA (SPSS software package) was used to evaluate the soil parameters, plant biomass, plant height, species richness, and root element contents. Pairs of mean values were compared using least significant difference (LSD).
Different letters within the same column indicate significant differences among fertilization treatments based on a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).
Different letters indicate significant differences among fertilization treatments based on a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).
Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments based on a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).
6A). The relationships between soil properties, dominant bacteria phyla, and bacterial diversity and richness were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis (Fig. 6B). Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria were significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter, soil specific gravity, porosity, germination, and plant height, except for bulk density.
이론/모형
Rye in each pot was harvested, dried at 105℃ for 20 min and then dried to constant weight at 80℃. The available nitrogen (N) was determined using the alkali-hydrolysis diffusion method with an elemental analyzer (UV-1100 Spectrophotometer, Germany) [22]. Total N was determined using an SKD-1000 Micro-Kjeldahl Analyzer (Shanghai Peiou Analytical Instrument Co.
, Ltd). The available phosphorus was measured using the NaHCO3 extraction molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method [23]. The soil pH was measured in 10 g soil: 25 mL deionized water using the glass electrode method (NY/T 1377-2007).
The soil organic matter was measured using potassium dichromate oxidation titration [24]. The aggregate-size distributions for soil samples were determined by the wet sieving method [25,26]. Soil bulk density was estimated using the ring knife [27].
Soil bulk density was estimated using the ring knife [27]. Specific gravity was determined using the pycnometer method [28]. Porosity was calculated using the following equation [29]:
성능/효과
Bulk density, specific gravity, and porosity of soil were determined to investigate the effects of different compositions of the mixed material. Averaged across all sources of variation, porosity dominated the improvement of soil physical structure in the study region, with an increase of 27.28% (16.72%-32.45%), while bulk density and specific gravity decreased by 23.62% (14.34%-29.50%) and 1.61% (0.05%-4.06%), respectively (Table 3). Results of L9(34) orthogonal test showed these effects varied with the composition materials, and the order of influence on the physical properties of low-quality soil is: HA> SAP> B (Table 4).
The optimal combination was SAP3HA3B10, which is consistent with the test results (E7, a mixture of 3 g·kg-1 SAP, 3 g·kg-1 HA and 10 g·kg-1 provides the best improvement in all treatments).
1A-1D, respectively. Soil pH was decreased by 0.84%-5.67% compared to CK, and soil available P, total N, available N and organic matter achieved significant increases of 29.34%-97.96%, 42.78%-63.57%, 22.34%-61.50%, and 41.44%-119.94%, respectively (Fig. 1). The results in Table 4 showed that SAP had the greatest effect on available nutrients.
It has been noted that the combination of SAP3, HA3 and B10 obtained the best performance, which is consistent with the formula of E7. In addition, the analysis of variance showed that SAP was the most important factor for promoting plant growth, and HA was the second. B had non-significant interactions.
Gemmatimonadetes was significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen, soil specific gravity, porosity, while significantly negatively correlated with available nitrogen, organic matter, bulk soil, germination, and plant height. The ACE and Chao 1 indices were significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen, nitrogen, available phosphorus, porosity, germination, plant height, however significantly negatively correlated with organic matter, bulk density, and soil specific gravity.
This result is consistent with the previous literature [45,46]. Additionally, the results in this study indicated that the addition of the mixed materials caused soil acidification, which was positively correlated with species richness. It is possible that certain plant species were not able to adapt to acidic soils due to alterations in soil nutrient balance, resulting in disruption of plant nutrient acquisition.
Previous studies have also reported that available phosphorus plays an important role in plant growth under sufficient nitrogen conditions. It was shown that the proper addition of N enhances C and P accumulation, improving the utilization efficiency and absorption efficiency of phosphorus. Several studies showed that humic acid significantly increased root growth and improved yield in maize [56, 57].
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