Background: Weakness of the trunk muscles decreases the trunk control ability of stroke patients, which is significantly related to balance and gait. Objectives: To compare the impact of diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface and a stable surface for trunk rehabilitation on trunk cont...
Background: Weakness of the trunk muscles decreases the trunk control ability of stroke patients, which is significantly related to balance and gait. Objectives: To compare the impact of diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface and a stable surface for trunk rehabilitation on trunk control, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Design: Nonequivalent control group design. Methods: Twenty four participants were randomized into the experimental group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on an unstable surface, n=12) and the control group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on a stable surface, n=12). All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks, and the trunk impairment scale (TIS), berg balance scale (BBS), functional gait assessment (FGA), and G-walk were measured. Results: All groups indicated significant increases in all variables (TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, speed, stride length) after four weeks. The TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, gait speed, and stride length group-by-time were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: We found that, in stroke patients, diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface is a more effective method for improving trunk control, balance, and gait ability than diagonal pattern self-exercise on a stable surface.
Background: Weakness of the trunk muscles decreases the trunk control ability of stroke patients, which is significantly related to balance and gait. Objectives: To compare the impact of diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface and a stable surface for trunk rehabilitation on trunk control, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Design: Nonequivalent control group design. Methods: Twenty four participants were randomized into the experimental group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on an unstable surface, n=12) and the control group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on a stable surface, n=12). All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks, and the trunk impairment scale (TIS), berg balance scale (BBS), functional gait assessment (FGA), and G-walk were measured. Results: All groups indicated significant increases in all variables (TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, speed, stride length) after four weeks. The TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, gait speed, and stride length group-by-time were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: We found that, in stroke patients, diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface is a more effective method for improving trunk control, balance, and gait ability than diagonal pattern self-exercise on a stable surface.
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문제 정의
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diagonal self-exercises while sitting on an unstable surface on trunk control, balance ability, and gait speed in chronic stroke patients in order to identify new self-exercises for nervous system rehabilitation.
All subjects underwent conventional physical therapy. The researchers taught the subjects how to perform the diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on an unstable surface. Initial assessments were performed after signed consents were obtained, and post-intervention assessments were performed after the interventions were completed.
To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study to investigate trunk control, balance, and gait ability after diagonal pattern exercises on an unstable surface. Furthermore, improved trunk control, balance, and gait were observed.
제안 방법
Initial assessments were performed after signed consents were obtained, and post-intervention assessments were performed after the interventions were completed. All evaluations were conducted by a single physical therapist who was blinded to the study.
In this nonequivalent control group design experiment, every subject underwent a baseline assessment, and after four weeks of intervention, a postintervention assessment was performed. All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks. G-power software was used for sample size calculation.
Despite these results, this study has a number of limitations. First, this study involved patients with mild to moderate chronic stroke, since the patients had to perform the exercises on their own. Therefore, the effects cannot be generalized to severe stroke patients or those with acute and subacute stroke.
In this nonequivalent control group design experiment, every subject underwent a baseline assessment, and after four weeks of intervention, a postintervention assessment was performed. All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks.
19 In order to improve physical activity of stroke patients, high-intensity exercise is required. In this study, a diagonal pattern motion is performed with addition of an unstable support surface.
In this study, self-diagonal pattern exercises were performed to enhance mobility. Additionally, interventions on unstable surfaces were performed to promote stability.
19 Constant rehabilitation must be performed to restore function in patients.20In this study, trunk rehabilitation involved diagonal pattern selfexercises in a sitting position on an unstable surface. Exercising on an unstable surface is an effective way to increase trunk stability as it stimulates palpation in the cerebral motor cortex and proprioception21 and increases the activity of trunk muscles.
Therefore, the effects cannot be generalized to severe stroke patients or those with acute and subacute stroke. Second, trunk rehabilitation in this study was performed using diagonal exercises on unstable surfaces to improve both motility and stability. However, due to the absence of proper control groups, we could not determine whether the effects on trunk control, balance, and gait were due to the diagonal pattern exercise or due to the training on the unstable surface.
The experimental group performed diagonal pattern self-exercises while sitting on an unstable surface. The diagonal pattern exercise is a trunk rehabilitation exercise to alleviate exercise disorder.
in 2004 for the evaluation of the trunk of stroke patients. This scale is used to measure static sitting balance (3 items), dynamic sitting balance (10 items), and trunk coordination force (4 items). The inter-rater reliability of this evaluation scale ranges between r=.
대상 데이터
19 The exercise was performed in a sitting position on a heightadjustable bed. For unstable surface exercises, an anti-slip AIREX Balance Pad Elite (AIREX) (50 × 41 × 7 ㎝, 0.8 kg) was used. Balance pads were placed under the feet and hips of the subjects in the unstable surface exercise group.
26 This functional balance test considers three aspects: posture maintenance ability, voluntary exercise control, and reflection on external factors. It consists of 14 detailed evaluation items. Each item is divided into five levels of function, with the lowest and highest levels being 0 and 4 points, respectively.
This instrument helps to analyze gait disorders and the effect of treatments in the clinic.30The instrument weighs 37 g and has a built-in 3-axis accelerometer (16 bit), magnetometer (13 bit), and gyroscope (16 bit) on a BTS G-sensor that is 78 x 40 x 18 mm in size. It can be fixed on the fifth spinal bone with a belt, allowing the subjects to walk comfortably.
This study involved 24 patients with stroke who were admitted to S Hospital in Suwon-Si. Admitted stroke patients were recruited after age screening, and 24 subjects who met the subject selection criteria were selected.
데이터처리
Thus, parametric tests were used. A homogeneity test between the two groups was performed using the independent t-test. The independent samples t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the general characteristics of the subjects.
A homogeneity test between the two groups was performed using the independent t-test. The independent samples t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the general characteristics of the subjects. The two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of the exercise.
The independent samples t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the general characteristics of the subjects. The two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of the exercise. The within-subjects factor was time (pretest and post-test).
The between-subjects factor was group-by-time (experimental group and control group). When significant differences in group-bytime and time were observed, the Student’s t-test was used. The statistical significance level was set at α=.
성능/효과
After four weeks of intervention, all groups experienced significant improvements in the TIS, BBS, FGA, and gait scores. The TIS, BBS, and FGA scores, and the cadence, gait speed, and stride length groupby-time were significantly different between the two groups (Tables 2 and 3)
After four weeks of intervention, both the experimental and control groups showed significant improvements in all variables including the TIS, BBS, and FGA scores and the cadence (steps/min), gait speed (m/s), and stride length (m). The TIS, BBS, and FGA scores, and the cadence, gait speeds, and stride length group-by-time were significantly different between the two groups
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