선택한 단어 수는 입니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
선택한 단어 수는 30입니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
문제 정의
- To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to report the combined effects of neck stabilization and trunk stabilization exercises on balance and gait in chronic stroke patients.
가설 설정
- This study had several limitations. First, the sample size was small. Second, this study could not identify the long term or clinical effects of a combination of neck stabilization and trunk stabilization.
제안 방법
- The intervention was provided from 2 pm to 5 pm local time. Before intervention, the subject participated in a pre-test. The subject received the intervention after completing the pre-test, and following the intervention, the subject immediately underwent a post-test.
- The physical therapist identified the target level that the subject could hold steadily for 10 seconds without resorting to retraction, without the dominant use of the superficial neck flexor muscles, and without a quick, jerky craniocervical flexion movement. Contribution from the superficial muscles was monitored by the physical therapist in all stages of the test by using direct observation or palpation. Training commenced at the target level that the subject could achieve with the correct amount of craniocervical flexion and without dominant use or substitution by the superficial muscles (sternocleidomastoid, hyoid, and anterior scalene muscles).
- They were then trained to sustain progressively increasing ranges of craniocervical flexion based on feedback from the pressure sensor placed behind the neck. For each target level, the contraction duration was increased by 10 seconds, and the subject was trained to perform 10 repetitions. Once this stage was achieved, the exercise progressed to training at the next target level.
- The exercise is a low-load exercise that specifically trains the deep cervical flexors, rather than all neck flexors, which occurs in the head lift exercise. In this study, the neck stabilization exercise used a sub-occipitally placed air-filled pressure sensor (Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit, Chattanooga Group Inc., Hixson, TN 37343, USA) to monitor the subtle flattening of the cervical lordosis that occurs with the contraction of the longus colli muscle [23,27]. The subject was encouraged by feedback from the pressure sensor to reach five pressure targets sequentially in 2 mmHg increments from a baseline of 10 mmHg to a final level of 20 mmHg.
- To obtain measurements in this study, the subjects were instructed to stand 3 m away from the electronic carpet and walk across the carpet at a comfortable walking speed, stopping after walking 3 m past the electronic carpet [32]. The measurements were repeated three times with a three-minute break between measurements to minimize the potential for bias caused by muscle fatigue [32]. The average value of the three measurements was calculated and recorded [32].
- Before intervention, the subject participated in a pre-test. The subject received the intervention after completing the pre-test, and following the intervention, the subject immediately underwent a post-test. Fig.
- Training commenced at the target level that the subject could achieve with the correct amount of craniocervical flexion and without dominant use or substitution by the superficial muscles (sternocleidomastoid, hyoid, and anterior scalene muscles). The subjects were instructed to perform slow, controlled craniocervical flexion action. They were then trained to sustain progressively increasing ranges of craniocervical flexion based on feedback from the pressure sensor placed behind the neck.
- [9] developed a step-by-step “core stability training” exercise program that uses select pelvic exercises that were customized for stroke rehabilitation. Their core stability training program consisted of an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) to selectively contract the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle, other selective movements of the pelvis, and pelvic movements combined with ADIM. In this program, the level of exercise increases in stages according to a set protocol.
- This study employed a pre- and post-test design. Each subject was assigned randomly to either the experimental group (n = 11) or the control group (n = 11).
- The GAITRite mat exhibits excellent reliability for most temporospatial gait parameters measured in older subjects [33]. To obtain measurements in this study, the subjects were instructed to stand 3 m away from the electronic carpet and walk across the carpet at a comfortable walking speed, stopping after walking 3 m past the electronic carpet [32]. The measurements were repeated three times with a three-minute break between measurements to minimize the potential for bias caused by muscle fatigue [32].
- Contribution from the superficial muscles was monitored by the physical therapist in all stages of the test by using direct observation or palpation. Training commenced at the target level that the subject could achieve with the correct amount of craniocervical flexion and without dominant use or substitution by the superficial muscles (sternocleidomastoid, hyoid, and anterior scalene muscles). The subjects were instructed to perform slow, controlled craniocervical flexion action.
대상 데이터
- Twenty-two chronic stroke patients who agreed to participate in this experiment were included in this study. Before starting the study, all subjects were informed of its content, and all signed an informed consent form.
- Twenty-two subjects participated in the study (experimental group 11, control group 11). The general characteristics were similar between the two groups (p > .
데이터처리
- A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and an independent t-test were used to determine the type of distribution for all variables and the intergroup differences, respectively.
- A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and an independent t-test were used to determine the type of distribution for all variables and the intergroup differences, respectively. A paired t-test was used to compare variables before and after the intervention in each group. The selected level of significance was .
성능/효과
- Compared to before intervention test results, the 95% confidence ellipse area, COP path length, and COP average velocity were significantly lower in the experimental group and control group after the intervention (p < .05) (Table 2).
- In this study, the results of the standing balance variables (95% confidence ellipse area, COP path length, COP average velocity, and stance average force on the affected side) indicated that both the combination of neck stabilization with trunk stabilization and trunk stabilization only are effective methods for achieving standing balance in chronic stroke patients. On the other hand, the intervention that included neck stabilization with trunk stabilization together increased the standing balance to a greater extent.
- In this study, the variable results (cadence, gait velocity, and single leg support on the affected side) indicate that both neck stabilization with trunk stabilization and trunk stabilization only are effective methods for improving the gait ability in chronic stroke patients. However, the combination intervention (neck and trunk stabilization) is more helpful for increasing the gait ability.
후속연구
- Second, this study could not identify the long term or clinical effects of a combination of neck stabilization and trunk stabilization. Given these limitations, additional research will be needed.
- First, the sample size was small. Second, this study could not identify the long term or clinical effects of a combination of neck stabilization and trunk stabilization. Given these limitations, additional research will be needed.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.