[논문]숯과 성형숯의 연소를 통해 배출되는 가스 발생량 및 실내공간 환기량 평가

JU, Young Min; JEONG, Hanseob; CHEA, Kwang-Seok; AHN, Byung-Jun; LEE, Soo Min

doi:10.5658/wood.2020.48.6.847

숯과 성형숯의 연소를 통해 배출되는 가스 발생량 및 실내공간 환기량 평가
Evaluation of the Amount of Gas Generated through Combustion of Wood Charcoal and Agglomerated Charcoal Depending on Air Ventilation 원문보기

목재공학 = Journal of the Korean wood science and technology, v.48 no.6, 2020년, pp.847 - 860

JU, Young Min (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , JEONG, Hanseob (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , CHEA, Kwang-Seok (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , AHN, Byung-Jun (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , LEE, Soo Min (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science)

초록
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본 연구는 국내 숯불구이 음식점의 화구당 평균 공간을 바탕으로 제작된 모형 연소방을 이용하여 국내에서 유통되고 있는 숯과 성형숯의 연소 조건에 따라 발생하는 연소 가스와 연소 특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 각각 3종의 숯과 성형숯의 연료 특성과 연소 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 밀폐 조건과 환기 조건으로 구분하고 총 20분의 연소과정 동안 발생하는 CO, CO₂, NO_x의 농도와 O₂ 농도의 변화량을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, CO의 발생량은 밀폐 조건에서 1390~4703 ppm의 범위로 측정되었으며, 환기 시 약 29.8%~57.4%의 환기율을 보였다. CO₂는 밀폐 조건에서 1.34%~2.42%의 범위로 나타났으며, 환기시 특정 시점(10분)에 1.5% 이상 발생한 시료에서 44.1%~53.6%의 환기율을 보였다. NO_x의 발생량은 밀폐 조건의 경우 불완전 연소로 인해 지속적으로 발생량이 증가하여 29 ppm~47 ppm의 범위로 발생하는 경우와 특정 시점(1분) 이후 9 ppm~18 ppm의 범위로 비교적 일정한 발생량을 보이는 경우로 나뉘었다. 환기 조건의 NO_x 배출량은 밀폐 조건과 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 최대 62.5%의 환기율을 보였다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 숯과 성형숯의 사용환경을 모사하여 인체 유해성 평가에 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study was conducted into combustion characteristics and gases generated by the combustion of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal distributed in the domestic using a combustion chamber based on the average space per crater of a charcoal-grilled restaurant in South Korea. Each of the three types of charcoals and agglomerated wood charcoals was analyzed for fuel and combustion characteristics. In addition, the concentration changes of CO, CO2, NOx, and O2 were measured for 20 minutes depending on ventilation. As a result, CO yield without ventilation was measured in the range of 1390 to 4703 ppm, and CO yield with ventilation decreases about 29.8% to 57.4%. CO2 yield without ventilation was measured in the range of 1.34% to 2.42%, and CO2 yield was about 44.1% to 53.6% when the emission was more than about 1.5% at 10 minutes. The NOx yield was divided into two cases where the NOx yield was continuously increased because of incomplete combustion, emitted ranging from 29 ppm to 47 ppm, and where emission was constant after 1 minute in the range of 9 ppm to 18 ppm. The NOx yield with ventilation tends to be similar to the without ventilation, and NOx yield decreases up to 62.5%. Therefore, it could be used for health risk assessment with the simulation of the usage environment of charcoal and agglomerated wood charcoal.

주제어

표/그림 (10)

표 Table 1. Product information of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal
그림 Fig. 1. Scheme of combustion chamber.
그림 Fig. 2. Process for combustion of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal.
표 Table 2. Proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and High heating value (HHV) of charcoals and agglomerated charcoal
표 Table 3. Combustion characteristics of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal in a closed and ventilated condition
그림 Fig. 3. O₂ concentration of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal with and without ventilation (A1 : white charcoal 1, A2 : white charcoal 2, A3 : black charcoal, B1 : Agglomerated charcoal with charcoal powder, B2 : Ignition-type of perforated charcoal, B3 : Agglomerated charcoal with sawdust).
그림 Fig. 4. CO concentration of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal with and without ventilation (A1 : white charcoal 1, A2 : white charcoal 2, A3 : black charcoal, B1 : Agglomerated charcoal with charcoal powder, B2 : Ignition-type of perforated charcoal, B3 : Agglomerated charcoal with sawdust).
그림 Fig. 5. CO₂ concentration of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal with and without ventilation (A1 : white charcoal 1, A2 : white charcoal 2, A3 : black charcoal, B1 : Agglomerated charcoal with charcoal powder, B2 : Ignition-type of perforated charcoal, B3 : Agglomerated charcoal with sawdust).
그림 Fig. 6. NO_x concentration of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal with and without ventilation (A1 : white charcoal 1, A2 : white charcoal 2, A3 : black charcoal, B1 : Agglomerated charcoal with charcoal powder, B2 : Ignition-type of perforated charcoal, B3 : Agglomerated charcoal with sawdust).
표 Table 4. Effluent quality standard of air pollutants (The minister of environment, 2020)

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제안 방법

The real-time emissions of exhaust gas generated from the combustion of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal were measured using a flue gas analyzer (Testo 350XL, Testo, Germany). A gas measurement probe installed in the center of the exhaust port was used to measure the yield of CO, CO₂, NO_x, and O₂ at intervals of 15 seconds for 20 minutes.
Proximate analysis as performed to compare the fuel characteristics of the test materials, and the ultimate analysis and higher heating value are measured. Detailed measurement methods can be found in Ju et al.
Proximate analysis was performed using an Thermogravimetric analyzer (PrepASH229, precisa, Swiss) to analyze the moisture content, volatile content, and ash content of the sample, and the fixed carbon was calculated by using Equation (1).
The height of the table is 720 mm, the distance between the roaster and the exhaust port is 120 mm, and the distance between the exhaust port (inner diameter: 95 mm, height: 1 m) and the table is 120 mm. The measuring equipment, an anemometer and gas measurement probe, were installed in the center (height direction) of the exhaust port, and a ventilation fan was installed at the top of the exhaust port, and the speed of the ventilation fan was adjusted through a fan speed controller.
Therefore, in this study, the condition was limited to an occasion which the charcoal and agglomerated charcoal are used for cooking, and the concentration of flue gas during the combustion (CO, CO₂, NO_x, O₂) is measured in real time to compare and analyze the change in the concentration of the gases according to the ventilation volume, considering the environment of restaurants in Korea using charcoal and agglomerated charcoal.

대상 데이터

In this study, 3 types of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal each, which are widely used in Korea, were purchased, and used as test materials. The charcoals which were used were 2 types; white charcoal (A1, A2) and 1 type of black coal (A3), and for agglomerated charcoal, 1 type of agglomerated charcoal with charcoal powder (B1), 1 type of Ignition-type of perforated charcoal (B2), and 1 type of agglomerated charcoal with sawdust (B3) were used, and Table 1 shows the characteristics of the product at the time of purchase in the product quality labeling.
The combustion combustion chamber was designed as 1.5× 1.5×2 m as width×length×height respectively, assuming a table space for 4 people of a typical charcoal restaurant, and the internal volume was about 3.96 m3.

성능/효과

As a result of the comparison of the flue gas generation, consisted of CO, CO₂, NO_x, and O₂, the concentration of O₂ continued to decrease without ventilation, and recovered to about 91.2~96.0% of the initial O₂ concentration level with ventilation. In the case of CO, the concentration wasin the range of 1390 to 4703 ppm with ventilation.
2% lower than the quality standard. Based on a result of ultimate analysis, the carbon content was the highest with 97.4% in A2 and the lowest with 40.6% in B2, and as carbon content increased, the hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen content decreased. In previous studies, it was reported that hydrogen and oxygen level decreased as carbon in charcoal increased (Jo et al.

후속연구

Based on the result obtained through this study, the amount of ventilation and the amount of flue gas generated through combustion in a specific space, the amount of ventilation required for cooking food using charcoal and agglomerated charcoal in the future can be identified and can be utilized as basic data for health hazard evaluation.

참고문헌 (17)

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상세보기
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원문보기 상세보기
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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

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용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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