[논문]머신러닝 기반 고속도로 내 수소충전소 최적입지 선정 연구

조재혁; 김성수

doi:10.22640/lxsiri.2021.51.2.83

머신러닝 기반 고속도로 내 수소충전소 최적입지 선정 연구
A Study on the Optimal Location Selection for Hydrogen Refueling Stations on a Highway using Machine Learning 원문보기

지적과 국토정보 = Journal of cadastre & land informatix, v.51 no.2, 2021년, pp.83 - 106

초록
AI-Helper

대기오염, 지구온난화 문제 등 환경 문제의 심각성이 대두되면서 청정 연료의 관심이 커지고 있다. 그 중 수소는 기존 화석연료와는 달리 연소 시 부산물로 수분만이 발생하는 대표적인 친환경 에너지원으로 현재 다양한 분야에서 주목을 받고 있다. 물류 분야에서도 수소를 활용한 물류 네트워크를 구축하기 위해 다양한 정책적 노력이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 수소 물류 네트워크의 구축에 있어 수소충전소의 입지 결정은 매우 중요한 문제이다. 최근 개발된 수소추진(수소연료전지) 화물차에 수소를 공급하는 충전소는 수소 기반 물류체계가 본격적으로 자리 잡는 데 있어 필수 불가결한 요소이다. 이러한 수소충전소의 최적 입지를 결정하는 선행연구는 대부분 수리적 모형에 기반한 최적화 기법만을 사용하여 수소충전소의 최적 입지를 결정하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존 연구의 동향과는 차별화하여 최적화 기법의 중요한 투입 변수 중 하나인 충전소 후보지에 대한 공간적 특성을 검토하는 방법으로 머신러닝 모형들을 활용하고 그 적용가능성을 확인하였다. 머신러닝은 다양한 분야에서 우수한 성과를 증명한 기법이지만 수소충전소의 최적 입지를 결정하는 연구 분야에서는 아직 적용된 바가 없다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 개별공시지가, 수소공급지와의 거리 등 전국 고속도로 휴게소와 고속도로의 무작위 지점들의 위치와 관련된 변수들을 독립변수로 선정하여 단일 머신러닝 모형과 앙상블 모형을 적용하고 그 성과를 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 랜덤포레스트(Random Forest) 모형이 가장 우수한 성과를 보였으며, 다른 모형들 또한 우수한 분류 성능을 보여 최적 입지 문제에 대해 공간적 특성을 예비적으로 검토하는 방법론으로써 머신러닝의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 머신러닝 모형은 수소충전소의 최적 입지 결정 분야에서 향후 최적화 기법을 적용한 연구의 예비적 검토 방법론으로 널리 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Interests in clean fuels have been soaring because of environmental problems such as air pollution and global warming. Unlike fossil fuels, hydrogen obtains public attention as a eco-friendly energy source because it releases only water when burned. Various policy efforts have been made to establish a hydrogen based transportation network. The station that supplies hydrogen to hydrogen-powered trucks is essential for building the hydrogen based logistics system. Thus, determining the optimal location of refueling stations is an important topic in the network. Although previous studies have mostly applied optimization based methodologies, this paper adopts machine learning to review spatial attributes of candidate locations in selecting the optimal position of the refueling stations. Machine learning shows outstanding performance in various fields. However, it has not yet applied to an optimal location selection problem of hydrogen refueling stations. Therefore, several machine learning models are applied and compared in performance by setting variables relevant to the location of highway rest areas and random points on a highway. The results show that Random Forest model is superior in terms of F1-score. We believe that this work can be a starting point to utilize machine learning based methods as the preliminary review for the optimal sites of the stations before the optimization applies.

주제어

표/그림 (15)

그림 Figure 1. Location of Expressway Service Stations and Random Points
표 Table 1. Decision Variables and Independent Variables
표 Table 2. Process of Selecting Dataset for Analysis
그림 Figure 2. Correlation Matrix Plot
표 Table 3. Confusion Matrix
표 Table 4. Evaluation Metrics
그림 Figure 3. Research Design and Steps
표 Table 5. Hyper-Parameters of Each Model
표 Table 6. Confusion Matrix (Simple Classifier Models)
표 Table 7. Confusion Matrix (Ensemble Classifier Models)
표 Table 8. Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score
그림 Figure 4. Accuracy Scores
그림 Figure 5. Precision Scores
그림 Figure 6. Recall Scores
그림 Figure 7. F1-Scores

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