[논문]Biodiversity and Enzyme Activity of Marine Fungi with 28 New Records from the Tropical Coastal Ecosystems in Vietnam

Pham, Thu Thuy; Dinh, Khuong V.; Nguyen, Van Duy

doi:10.1080/12298093.2021.2008103

Biodiversity and Enzyme Activity of Marine Fungi with 28 New Records from the Tropical Coastal Ecosystems in Vietnam 원문보기

Mycobiology, v.49 no.6, 2021년, pp.559 - 581

Pham, Thu Thuy (Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University) , Dinh, Khuong V. (Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University) , Nguyen, Van Duy (Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The coastal marine ecosystems of Vietnam are one of the global biodiversity hotspots, but the biodiversity of marine fungi is not well known. To fill this major gap of knowledge, we assessed the genetic diversity (ITS sequence) of 75 fungal strains isolated from 11 surface coastal marine and deeper waters in Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay using a culture-dependent approach and 5 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) of fungi in three representative sampling sites using next-generation sequencing. The results from both approaches shared similar fungal taxonomy to the most abundant phylum (Ascomycota), genera (Candida and Aspergillus) and species (Candida blankii) but were different at less common taxa. Culturable fungal strains in this study belong to 3 phyla, 5 subdivisions, 7 classes, 12 orders, 17 families, 22 genera and at least 40 species, of which 29 species have been identified and several species are likely novel. Among identified species, 12 and 28 are new records in global and Vietnamese marine areas, respectively. The analysis of enzyme activity and the checklist of trophic mode and guild assignment provided valuable additional biological information and suggested the ecological function of planktonic fungi in the marine food web. This is the largest dataset of marine fungal biodiversity on morphology, phylogeny and enzyme activity in the tropical coastal ecosystems of Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Biogeographic aspects, ecological factors and human impact may structure mycoplankton communities in such aquatic habitats.

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표/그림 (11)

표 Table 1. Details regarding colony forming units (CFUs) of fungal colonies on the SDA medium plates and strains identified with ITS sequence.
그림 Figure 1. Sampling positions at Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay of Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Detail information on locations was given in the Table 1.
표 Table 2. Taxonomy of cultured fungal species found in this study.
표 Table 3. Phylogenetic affiliation and taxonomy of the fungal OTUs obtained with ITS primers based on cultivated-independence studies.
그림 Figure 2. The percentage abundance of major phyla of fungi isolates from all 11 samples using culture-dependent approach (A), fungi isolates from 3 samples HMC, CD and DW using culture-dependent approach (B), and fungal OTUs from 3 samples HMC, CD and DW using culture-independent approach (C).
그림 Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree of Orders Capnodiales, Dothideales and Pleosporales (class Dothideomycetes, Phylum Ascomycota) based on ITS rRNA genes. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and Kimura 2-parameter model [54]. The tree with the highest log likelihood -2876.51) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. The rate variation model allowed for some sites to be evolutionarily invariable ([+I], 34.52% sites). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. This analysis involved 18 nucleotide sequences, including ones in this study (*), from type strains (T) and Chytridium olla UACCC ARG100 (T) used as an outgroup.
그림 Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree of Orders Chaetothyriales and Eurotiales (Class Eurotiomycetes, Phylum Ascomycota) based on ITS rRNA genes. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and Kimura 2-parameter model [55]. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-3375.53) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories (+G, parameter = 0.3870)). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. This analysis involved 41 nucleotide sequences, including ones in this study (*), from type strains (T) and Chytridium olla UACCC ARG100 (T) used as an outgroup.
그림 Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree of Orders Hypocreales, Trichosphaeriales and Sordariales (Class Sordariomycetes, Phylum Ascomycota) based on ITS rRNA genes. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and Kimura 2-parameter model [54]. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-3297.12) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories (+G, parameter = 0.3655)). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. This analysis involved 18 nucleotide sequences, including ones in this study (*), from type strains (T) and Chytridium olla UACCC ARG100 (T) used as an outgroup.
그림 Figure 6. Phylogenetic tree of Order Saccharomycetales (Class Sacharomycetes, Phylum Ascomycota) based on ITS rRNA genes. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and Tamura 3-parameter model [54]. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-3834.69) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Tamura 3 parameter model, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories (+G, parameter = 0.5029)). This analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences, including ones in this study (*), from type strains (T) and Chytridium olla UACCC ARG100 (T) used as an outgroup.
그림 Figure 7. Phylogenetic tree of Order Polyporales (Class Agaricomycetes, Phylum Basidiomycota), Order Sporidiobolales (Class Microbotryomycetes, Phylum Basidiomycota) and Order Mucorales (Class Mucoromycetes, Phylum Mucoromycota) based on ITS rRNA genes. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and Tamura 3-parameter model [54]. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-3580.61) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Tamura 3 parameter model, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories (+G, parameter = 0.8620)). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. This analysis involved 14 nucleotide sequences, including ones in this study (*), from related type strains (T) and Chytridium olla UACCC ARG100 (T) used as an outgroup.
그림 Figure 8. Relative extracellular enzyme activity (AU) of all fungal strains from each sample at Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay, Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam. For each strain, 1 AU was defined as an enzyme activity unit with hydrolysis zone diameter D-d=10-15mm, 2 AU for D-d=15-20mm and 3 AU for D-d>20mm. Based on total relative enzyme activity shown, the samples were divided into 5 groups: Group A (>60 AU), Group B (23-33 AU), Group C (20 AU), Group D (12-16 AU), and Group E (0-5 AU).

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

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