Seo, Young Kyung
(College of Nursing, Yonsei University)
,
Park, Jeongok
(College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University)
,
Park, Jin-Hee
(College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University)
,
Kim, Sue
(College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University)
Purpose: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are widely prescribed for postmenopausal women with breast cancer and are known to cause musculoskeletal pain. This study aimed to identify factors associated with AI continuation intention among breast cancer survivors (BCS). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was...
Purpose: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are widely prescribed for postmenopausal women with breast cancer and are known to cause musculoskeletal pain. This study aimed to identify factors associated with AI continuation intention among breast cancer survivors (BCS). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 123 BCS (stages I-III), who had been taking AIs for at least 6 weeks. Participants were recruited from a cancer center in Goyang, Korea, from September to November 2019. Descriptive statistics, Welch analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and simple linear regression were used for the analysis. Results: Beliefs about endocrine therapy was a significant predictor of AI continuation intention (β=.66, p<.001). The majority of participants (87.0%) reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain since taking AIs and the score for the worst pain severity within 24 hours was 5.08±2.80 out of 10. Musculoskeletal pain, however, was not associated with AI continuation intention. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) was clinically significant (≥13) for 74.0% of the respondents (mean, 17.62±7.14). Musculoskeletal pain severity and pain interference were significantly associated with FCR (r=.21, p<.05; r=.35, p<.01, respectively). Pain interference was significantly associated with beliefs about endocrine therapy (r=-.18, p<.05). Conclusion: AI continuation intention can be modified by reinforcing patients' beliefs about endocrine therapy. Musculoskeletal pain may have a negative effect on beliefs about endocrine therapy and increase FCR among BCS. Thus, awareness of musculoskeletal pain during AI therapy should be raised and further research is required to develop multidisciplinary pain management strategies and clinical guidelines to reinforce beliefs about endocrine therapy.
Purpose: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are widely prescribed for postmenopausal women with breast cancer and are known to cause musculoskeletal pain. This study aimed to identify factors associated with AI continuation intention among breast cancer survivors (BCS). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 123 BCS (stages I-III), who had been taking AIs for at least 6 weeks. Participants were recruited from a cancer center in Goyang, Korea, from September to November 2019. Descriptive statistics, Welch analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and simple linear regression were used for the analysis. Results: Beliefs about endocrine therapy was a significant predictor of AI continuation intention (β=.66, p<.001). The majority of participants (87.0%) reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain since taking AIs and the score for the worst pain severity within 24 hours was 5.08±2.80 out of 10. Musculoskeletal pain, however, was not associated with AI continuation intention. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) was clinically significant (≥13) for 74.0% of the respondents (mean, 17.62±7.14). Musculoskeletal pain severity and pain interference were significantly associated with FCR (r=.21, p<.05; r=.35, p<.01, respectively). Pain interference was significantly associated with beliefs about endocrine therapy (r=-.18, p<.05). Conclusion: AI continuation intention can be modified by reinforcing patients' beliefs about endocrine therapy. Musculoskeletal pain may have a negative effect on beliefs about endocrine therapy and increase FCR among BCS. Thus, awareness of musculoskeletal pain during AI therapy should be raised and further research is required to develop multidisciplinary pain management strategies and clinical guidelines to reinforce beliefs about endocrine therapy.
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문제 정의
Therefore, this study aimed to identify (1) whether AI continuation intention differed according to whether patients experienced newly developed or aggravated musculoskeletal pain since taking AIs; (2) the relationships among the main variables; and (3) factors associated with AI continuation intention.
제안 방법
A five-item measure of intentions to take cardiac medication [6] was modified to evaluate AI continuation intention, with permission from the developer. For example, the item “I plan to take regular medication in the future” was modified to “I plan to continue endocrine therapy in the future.
A self-reported questionnaire including AI continuation inten- tion, musculoskeletal pain, FCR, beliefs about endocrine thera- py, and general characteristics was used. Permission to use each assessment tool was obtained from both the developers and the authors of adapted/translated versions by e-mail.
For example, the item “I plan to take regular medication in the future” was modified to “I plan to continue endocrine therapy in the future.” The five items evaluated intentional plan to take medication, intention to make an effort to take the medication, intention to persist and adhere with the medication, and the perceived possibility of taking the medication. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale (1–5), with a possible total score ranging from 5 to 25, and higher scores indicate greater intention.
대상 데이터
15 [17], and four predictors: pain severity [7, 11], pain interference [11, 18], FCR [4], and beliefs about endocrine therapy [4, 12]), based on the literature was at least 108. Considering a 20% dropout rate, questionnaires were distributed to 129 BCS and 123 completed questionnaires without missing information were included in the analyses.
September 16 to November 14, 2019. The participants were recruited via convenience sampling among patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the center for breast cancer. Based on the findings of a previous study that AI-associated musculoskeletal pain started after 6 weeks on average [16], the inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) stage I–Ⅲ breast cancer; (2) completed surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; and (3) at least 6 weeks on AI medication [16].
This cross-sectional correlational research was conducted at a cancer center located in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, Korea, from September 16 to November 14, 2019. The participants were recruited via convenience sampling among patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the center for breast cancer.
데이터처리
Differences in AI continuation intention according to musculoskeletal pain were examined using Welch analysis of variance. Correlations among variables were examined using Pearson correlation coefficients, and regression analysis was done to identify factors influencing AI continuation intention.
이론/모형
FCR was evaluated with the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inven- tory-Short Form (FCRI-SF) [21] Korean version [22], which consists of nine items rated on a 5-point scale (0–4), with a possible total score range of 0 to 36 and a higher score indicating a greater FCR. A cutoff score of 13 or higher is considered clinically significant [21].
Musculoskeletal pain was evaluated with the Korean version [19] of the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) [20]. Pain severity (four items) and pain interference (seven items) are rated on an 11-point scale (0–10), with a higher score indicating more severe pain and pain interference.
성능/효과
It consists of four subcategories: perceived control (11 items), perceived concerns (four items), perceived benefits and trust (five items), and perceived logic (two items). Each item is rated on a 4-point scale (1–4), with a possible total score range of 22 to 88, and a higher score indicates a stronger beliefs about endocrine therapy. Cronbach’s α was .
In conclusion, beliefs about endocrine therapy was a significant predictor of AI continuation intention, whereas musculoskeletal pain during AI therapy did not negatively affect AI continuation intention. The incidence of the pain and the pain se- verity, however, was high enough to require active pain management in this sample of BCS.
First, generalizability is limited as participants were recruited via convenience sampling from a single institution. Second, the discrepancy between AI continuation intention and AI adherence behavior was not evaluated. Although intentions explain behaviors to some extent, the predictability of actual AI continuation was not evaluated, as AI-taking behavior was not the focus of this study.
AI continuation intention. The regression model was statistically significant (F=95.66, p<.001), explaining 44% of AI continuation intention (Table 5).
후속연구
Although FCR in this study was higher than found in a previous study, it had no effect on AI continuation intention, which may be related to the high level of beliefs about endocrine therapy found in this study. Since it has been noted that FCR plays a role in endocrine therapy continuation among BCS with low levels of beliefs about endocrine therapy [4], further research should explore this inter- play.
Second, the evaluation of the relationship of musculoskeletal pain to AI continuation intention in a Korean population is also significant, since data indicating low AI adherence have been published from other countries, but the relevance of those findings to nursing practice in Korea has not been clear. This study’s finding can improve clinicians’ understanding of musculoskeletal pain during AI therapy and can be used to develop nursing interventions for musculoskeletal pain management and improving endocrine therapy continuation intention.
Although previous studies [7, 18] of AI (non)adherence focused on behavior rather than intention, an accurate identification of BCS who are indecisive about AI continuation would be helpful for preventing premature discontinuation and encouraging BCS to complete the therapy during the recommended period. Thus, further research should develop valid tools evaluating intention to continue endocrine therapy and seek to identify vulnerable populations. In addition, the discrepancy between intention and behavior may be relevant.
Although intention to take medication is a predictor of medication adherence [6], actual behavior can differ. Thus, other factors should be considered when using intention as a predictor of behavior, and further studies with a longitudinal design are required to evaluate the predictive power of intention on adherence in the context of endocrine therapy with AI.
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