[논문]Identification, Enzymatic Activity, and Decay Ability of Basidiomycetous Fungi Isolated from the Decayed Bark of Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.)

Nguyen, Manh Ha; Kim, Dae Ho; Park, Ji Hyun; Park, Young Ui; Lee, Moo Yeul; Choi, Myeong Hee; Lee, Dong Ho; Lee, Jong Kyu

doi:10.7747/jfes.2021.37.1.52

Identification, Enzymatic Activity, and Decay Ability of Basidiomycetous Fungi Isolated from the Decayed Bark of Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) 원문보기

Journal of forest and environmental science, v.37 no.1, 2021년, pp.52 - 61

Nguyen, Manh Ha (Tree Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) , Kim, Dae Ho (Tree Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) , Park, Ji Hyun (Department of Forest Insects and Diseases, National Institute of Forest Science) , Park, Young Ui (Green Space Corporation) , Lee, Moo Yeul (Green Space Corporation) , Choi, Myeong Hee (Green Space Corporation) , Lee, Dong Ho (Green Space Corporation) , Lee, Jong Kyu (Tree Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Decay fungi can decompose plant debris to recycle carbon in the ecosystem. Still, they can also be fungal pathogens, which can damage living trees and/or wood material and cause a large amount of timber loss. We isolated and identified basidiomycetous fungi from the decayed bark of Mongolian oak wrapped with sticky roll traps. The degrading enzyme activities were then tested for all fungal isolates. The decay ability of selected isolates was assessed based on the weight loss of wood discs after inoculating with culture suspension of decay fungi under the different humidity levels. A total of 46 basidiomycetous fungal isolates belonged to 12 species, and 10 genera were obtained from Jong Myo (16 isolates), Chang Kyung palace (7 isolates), Cheong Gye (10 isolates), and Gun Po (13 isolates). Gymnopus luxurians was the most dominant fungus in the present study, and this species distributed in all survey sites with 9 isolates in Jong Myo, followed by 3 isolates in Chang Kyung palace, while Cheong Gye and Gun Po had only 1 isolate each. Among 46 isolates, 44 isolates secreted at least one enzyme, while 25 isolates produced both cellulase and phenol oxidase enzymes, and 2 isolates produced neither. The assessment of decay ability by artificial inoculation indicated that the weight loss of wood discs was significantly influenced by humidity conditions when inoculated with bark decay fungi. The percent weight losses by G. luxurians inoculation in RH of 90-100% and RH of 65-75% were 4.61% and 2.45%, respectively. The weight loss caused by Abortiporus biennis were 6.67% and 0.46% in RH of 90-100% and RH of 45-55%, respectively. The humidity reduction approach should be applied for further studies to control the growth and spread of bark decay fungi on the trunks wrapped with sticky roll traps.

주제어

표/그림 (8)

표 Table 1. Identification of bark decay fungi isolated from decayed bark or fruiting body grown on the trunk of Mongolian oak
그림 Fig. 1. Diversity and distribution of bark decay fungi isolated from Mongolian oak in different locations.
표 Table 2. Cellulase and phenol oxidase activities of bark decay fungi isolated from Mongolian oak
그림 Fig. 2. Cellulase activity of bark decay fungi distributed in different locations.
그림 Fig. 3. Levels of cellulase activity of bark decay fungi on Cellulose Basal medium. (a) no activity (BDF37), (b) weak activity (BDF08), (c) moderate activity (BDF31), (d) strong activity (BDF25).
그림 Fig. 4. Phenol oxidase activity of bark decay fungi distributed in different locations.
그림 Fig. 5. Levels of phenol oxidase activity of bark decay fungi on Bavendamm medium. (a) no activity (BDF40), (b) weak activity (BDF33), (c) moderate activity (BDF11), (d) strong activity (BDF28).
그림 Fig. 6. The percentages of dry weight loss of wood discs after inoculating with culture suspension of bark decay fungi (A: Abortiporus biennis, B: Gymnopus luxurians) or sterilized water under different humidity levels. The incubation condition and period were at 25℃ in the dark for 45 days. Different letters indicate a significant difference (p＜0.05) among treatments by Tukey's HSD test. The error bars mean the standard deviation of data.

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제안 방법

The clearing zone formed around the mycelium outer edge of fungal isolates showed their cellulase activity. The assessment of cellulase activity was divided into a rating scale with 4 levels as follows: no activity (-) if no clearing zone; weak activity (+) if 0<clearing zone≤ 2 mm; moderate activity (++) if 2 mm<clearing zone≤5 mm; strong activity (+++) if clearing zone≥5 mm.

대상 데이터

Decayed bark tissues and fruiting bodies were collected from the trunks of Mongolian oak (Q. mongolica), wrapped with sticky roll traps in 4 survey sites: Jong Myo and Chang Kyung palace in Seoul, and Cheong Gye and Gun Po in Gyeonggi province, Korea.
Two fungal isolates were selected for the experiment. In which, isolate BDF01 (Abortiporus biennis) had the fastest mycelial growth, while isolate BDF09 (Gymnopus lux- urians) was the most common bark decay fungus in our study.
Wood discs (5 cm thick, 10 cm diameter) were freshly cut from Mongolian oak trunks in Chuncheon campus of Kangwon National University. Wood discs with bark tissue were dried for 168 hours at 75℃ and measured dry weight.

데이터처리

The significant difference in loss of dry weight among treatments was tested by using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test with a 5% probability level. All statistical analyses and graphs were conducted in IBM SPSS statistics version 24 for Windows.

성능/효과

1). Abortiporus biennis (1 isolate), Fuscoporia senex (2 isolates), and Ganoderma gibbosum (2 isolates) only occurred in Jong Myo, while Psathyrella candolleana was found in both Jong Myo and Chang Kyung palace, with the number of 2 and 3 isolates, respectively (Fig. 1). Psathyrella sp.
Gymnopus luxurians was the most common fungus in our study, and this species presented in all study sites with 9 isolates in Jong Myo, followed by 3 isolates in Chang Kyung palace, while Cheong Gye and Gun Po had only 1 isolate each (Fig. 1). Abortiporus biennis (1 isolate), Fuscoporia senex (2 isolates), and Ganoderma gibbosum (2 isolates) only occurred in Jong Myo, while Psathyrella candolleana was found in both Jong Myo and Chang Kyung palace, with the number of 2 and 3 isolates, respectively (Fig.
6B). The percent weight losses by G. luxurians inoculation in RH of 90-100% and RH of 65-75% were 4.61% and 2.45%, respectively, while the percentages of treated controls were 2.61% and 2.09%, respectively (Fig. 6B).
with bark decay fungi. The weight losses caused by both A. biennis and G. luxurians in RH of 90-100% were higher than those in RH of 45-55% and RH of 65-75%, respectively. Some previous studies indicated that mycelial spread and fruiting body formation of wood decay fungi were affected by air humidity and wood moisture content (Schmidt 2006; Seweta et al.

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