[논문]심층 CNN 기반 구조를 이용한 토마토 작물 병해충 분류 모델

김삼근; 안재근

doi:10.5762/kais.2021.22.5.7

심층 CNN 기반 구조를 이용한 토마토 작물 병해충 분류 모델
Tomato Crop Diseases Classification Models Using Deep CNN-based Architectures 원문보기

한국산학기술학회논문지 = Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, v.22 no.5, 2021년, pp.7 - 14

김삼근 (한경대학교 컴퓨터응용수학부(컴퓨터시스템연구소)) , 안재근 (한경대학교 컴퓨터응용수학부(컴퓨터시스템연구소))

초록
AI-Helper

토마토 작물은 병해충의 영향을 많이 받기 때문에 이를 예방하지 않으면 농업 경제에 막대한 손실을 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 토마토의 다양한 병해충의 진단을 빠르고 정확하게 진단하는 시스템이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 ImageNet 데이터 셋 상에서 다양하게 사전 학습된 딥러닝 기반 CNN 모델을 적용하여 토마토의 9가지 병해충 및 정상인 경우의 클래스를 분류하는 시스템을 제안한다. PlantVillage 데이터 셋으로부터 발췌한 토마토 잎의 이미지 셋을 3가지 딥러닝 기반 CNN 구조를 갖는 ResNet, Xception, DenseNet의 입력으로 사용한다. 기본 CNN 모델 위에 톱-레벨 분류기를 추가하여 제안 모델을 구성하였으며, 훈련 데이터 셋에 대해 5-fold 교차검증 기법을 적용하여 학습시켰다. 3가지 제안 모델의 학습은 모두 기본 CNN 모델의 계층을 동결하여 학습시키는 전이 학습과 동결을 해제한 후 학습률을 매우 작은 수로 설정하여 학습시키는 미세 조정 학습 두 단계로 진행하였다. 모델 최적화 알고리즘으로는 SGD, RMSprop, Adam을 적용하였다. 실험 결과는 RMSprop 알고리즘이 적용된 DenseNet CNN 모델이 98.63%의 정확도로 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Tomato crops are highly affected by tomato diseases, and if not prevented, a disease can cause severe losses for the agricultural economy. Therefore, there is a need for a system that quickly and accurately diagnoses various tomato diseases. In this paper, we propose a system that classifies nine diseases as well as healthy tomato plants by applying various pretrained deep learning-based CNN models trained on an ImageNet dataset. The tomato leaf image dataset obtained from PlantVillage is provided as input to ResNet, Xception, and DenseNet, which have deep learning-based CNN architectures. The proposed models were constructed by adding a top-level classifier to the basic CNN model, and they were trained by applying a 5-fold cross-validation strategy. All three of the proposed models were trained in two stages: transfer learning (which freezes the layers of the basic CNN model and then trains only the top-level classifiers), and fine-tuned learning (which sets the learning rate to a very small number and trains after unfreezing basic CNN layers). SGD, RMSprop, and Adam were applied as optimization algorithms. The experimental results show that the DenseNet CNN model to which the RMSprop algorithm was applied output the best results, with 98.63% accuracy.

주제어

표/그림 (11)

그림 Fig. 1. Random samples output of testing CNN models
그림 Fig. 2. Frequency histogram of diseases type
표 Table 1. Training, validation, and test data set of CNN models
그림 Fig. 3. Proposed ResNet, Xception, and DenseNet CNN general architecture
그림 Fig. 4. Retraining process of ResNet, Xception, and DenseNet CNNs model
그림 Fig. 5. Augmented sample images for performance
그림 Fig. 6. Loss and Accuracy Learning Curves for the Model Fine-tuning on the PlantVillage(Tomato) Dataset Evaluated Using k-Fold Cross-Validation.
그림 Fig. 7. Box and Whisker Plot of Accuracy Scores for the Model Fine-tuning on the PlantVillage (Tomato) Dataset Evaluated Using k-Fold Cross- Validation.
그림 Fig. 9. Confusion matrix of DenseNet CNN model (a) Count of Actual vs. Predicted (b) Percent Accuracy of Actual vs. Predicted
그림 Fig. 8. Plot of retraining progress for tomato diseases classification using proposed DenseNet CNN model (a) Model loss (b) Model accuracy
$Table 2. Analysis of classification accuracy from 64 mini-batch size during k-fold cross-validation (best (<TEX>$\overline{x}{\pm}1.96\widehat{\sigma}_{\overline{x}}$</TEX>) values in parentheses; underline- best model; bold - best within accuracy & F1 score)$ 표 Table 2. Analysis of classification accuracy from 64 mini-batch size during k-fold cross-validation (best ($\overline{x}{\pm}1.96\widehat{\sigma}_{\overline{x}}$) values in parentheses; underline- best model; bold - best within accuracy & F1 score)

참고문헌 (20)

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