[논문]A novel combination of sodium metabisulfite and a chemical mixture based on sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite for aerobic preservation of fruit and vegetable discards and lactic acid fermentation in a total mixed ration for ruminants

Ahmadi, Farhad; Lee, Won Hee; Kwak, Wan Sup

doi:10.5713/ab.20.0871

A novel combination of sodium metabisulfite and a chemical mixture based on sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite for aerobic preservation of fruit and vegetable discards and lactic acid fermentation in a total mixed ration for ruminants 원문보기

Animal bioscience, v.34 no.9, 2021년, pp.1479 - 1490

Ahmadi, Farhad (Food Bio-science Major, College of Medical Life Sciences, Konkuk University) , Lee, Won Hee (Food Bio-science Major, College of Medical Life Sciences, Konkuk University) , Kwak, Wan Sup (Food Bio-science Major, College of Medical Life Sciences, Konkuk University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objective: Our recent findings confirmed the effectiveness of sodium metabisulfite (SMB) in controlling the growth of undesirable microorganisms in fruit and vegetable discards (FVD); however, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are susceptible to its antibacterial effects. Two series of experiments were conducted to enable the survivability of LAB during silage fermentation of a total mixed ration (TMR) containing SMB-treated FVD. Methods: In Exp. 1, the objective was to isolate a strain of LAB tolerable to the toxic effect of SMB. In Exp. 2, the SMB load was minimized through its partial replacement with a chemical mixture (CM) based on sodium benzoate (57%), potassium sorbate (29%), and sodium nitrite (14%). FVD was treated with SMB + CM (2 g each/kg biomass) and added to the TMR at varying levels (0%, 10%, or 20%), with or without KU18 inoculation. Results: The KU18 was screened as a presumptive LAB strain showing superior tolerance to SMB in broth medium, and was identified at the molecular level using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Lactobacillus plantarum. Inoculation of KU18 in TMR containing SMB was not successful for the LAB development, biomass acidification, and organoleptic properties of the resultant silage. In Exp. 2, based on the effectiveness and economic considerations, an equal proportion of SMB and CM (2 g each/kg FVD) was selected as the optimal loads for the subsequent silage fermentation experiment. Slight differences were determined in LAB development, biomass acidification, and sensorial characteristics among the experimental silages, suggesting the low toxicity of the preservatives on LAB growth. Conclusion: Although KU18 strain was not able to efficiently develop in silage mass containing SMB-treated FVD, the partial substitution of SMB load with the CM effectively alleviated the toxic effect of SMB and allowed LAB development during the fermentation of SMB + CM-treated FVD in TMR.

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표/그림 (9)

표 Table 1. Enumeration of the presumptive lactic acid bacteria isolates grown for 12 hours in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth with sodium metabisulfite addition (1,000 mg/L; n = 5)
그림 Figure 1. Viable LAB count of five isolated LAB in MRS broth with (grey bar) or without (open bar) sodium metabisulfite addition (1,000 mg/L) after 24 h of incubation. Error bars at each point represent standard error (n = 5). LAB, lactic acid bacteria; MRS, De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe. Bars with different letters differ, based on the Tukey’s test (p = 0.04).
표 Table 2. Broth culture pH of the selected lactic acid bacteria in MRS broth with sodium metabisulfite addition (1,000 mg/L) as a function of incubation time (n = 5)
그림 Figure 2. Viable LAB count of TMR silage after 14 days of fermentation with different levels of FVD. FVD were mixed with 6 g SMB/kg fresh biomass, and aerobically exposed for 7 days at an outdoor environment. Treatments were TMR containing (as-fed basis) 0%, 10%, or 20% SMB-treated FVD, with or without KU18 inoculant. The inoculant was applied uniformly at the rate of 5 mL/kg fresh mass (Exp. 1). Error bars at each point represent standard error (n = 5). LAB, lactic acid bacteria; TMR, total mixed ration; FVD, fruit and vegetable discards; SMB, sodium metabisulfite. Bars with different letters differ, based on the Tukey’s test (p<0.01).
그림 Figure 3. Initial (open bar) and final pH (grey bar; day 14) of TMR silage with different levels of FVD. FVD were mixed with 6 g SMB/kg fresh biomass, and aerobically exposed for 7 days at an outdoor environment. Treatments were TMR containing (as-fed basis) 0%, 10%, or 20% SMB-treated FVD, with or without KU18 inoculant. The inoculant was applied uniformly at the rate of 5 mL/kg fresh mass. Error bars at each point represent standard error (n = 5). TMR, total mixed ration; FVD, fruit and vegetable discards; SMB, sodium metabisulfite. Bars (grey bar) with different letters differ, based on the Tukey's test.
표 Table 3. Effect of additive treatments on the pH and population of various microbial groups in fruit and vegetable discards after 0 and 7 days of aerobic challenge (n = 5)
그림 Figure 4. Dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrates content of fruit and vegetable discards at 0 (open bar) or 7 days (grey bar) of aerobic exposure. Treatments (g preservative/kg biomass) were i) control (no preservative); ii) 6 g sodium metabisulfite (SMB); iii) 3 g chemical mixture (CM); iv) 2 g SMB+2 g CM; v) 3 g SMB+1.5 g CM; and vi) 4 g SMB+1 g CM. CM was based on sodium benzoate (57%), potassium sorbate (29%), and sodium nitrite (14%). Bars with different letters differ, based on the Tukey’s test. Error bars at each point represent standard error (n = 5).
그림 Figure 5. Viable LAB count of TMR silage after 14 days of fermentation with different levels of FVD. FVD were mixed with 2 g chemical mixture + 2 g sodium metabisulfite/kg fresh biomass, and aerobically exposed for 7 days at an outdoor environment. Treatments were TMR containing (asfed basis) 0%, 10%, or 20% of treated FVD with or without KU18 inoculant. The inoculant was applied uniformly at the rate of 5 mL/kg fresh mass. The chemical mixture was based on sodium benzoate (57%), potassium sorbate (29%), and sodium nitrite (14%). Error bars at each point represent standard error (n = 5). LAB, lactic acid bacteria; TMR, total mixed ration; FVD, fruit and vegetable discards. Bars with different letters differ, based on the Tukey's test (p-value = 0.04).
그림 Figure 6. Initial (open bar) and final pH (grey bar; day 14) of TMR silage with different levels of FVD. FVD were mixed with 2 g chemical mixture + 2 g sodium metabisulfite/kg fresh biomass, and aerobically challenged for 7 days at an outdoor environment. Treatments were TMR containing (as-fed basis) 0%, 10%, or 20% of treated FVD with or without KU18 inoculant. The inoculant was applied uniformly at the rate of 5 mL/kg fresh mass (Exp. 2). The chemical mixture was based on sodium benzoate (57%), potassium sorbate (29%), and sodium nitrite (14%). Error bars at each point represent standard error (n = 5). TMR, total mixed ration; FVD, fruit and vegetable discards.

참고문헌 (30)

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