[논문]레이저로 적층 제조한 금속 기지재 복합재료의 설계 및 제조 연구동향

김민겸; 김태환; 김주원; 김동원; 방영젠; 노종환; 서종환

doi:10.7234/composres.2021.34.4.212

[국내논문] 레이저로 적층 제조한 금속 기지재 복합재료의 설계 및 제조 연구동향
Selective Laser Melting of Metal Matrix Composites: A Review of Materials and Process Design 원문보기

Composites research = 복합재료, v.34 no.4, 2021년, pp.212 - 225

김민겸 (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) , 김태환 (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) , 김주원 (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) , 김동원 (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) , 방영젠 (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) , 노종환 (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) , 서종환 (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)

초록
AI-Helper

금속 기지재 복합재료들(MMCs, Metal matrix composites)은 우수한 기계적 물성(강성, 강도, 마모 저항성, 경도 등)과 뛰어난 특성(열전도, 전기전도도, 부식 저항 등)으로 다양한 산업군에 활용되고 있다. 적층제조 기술이 발달함에 따라 복잡한 형상을 시간과 비용을 절약하여 제조할 수 있다는 이점으로, 적층 제조한 MMCs에 관한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 MMCs를 적층 제조할 경우, 다양한 원인들에 의해 여러 문제들이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 MMCs의 특징들을 소개하고, 위의 문제들이 발생하는 원인을 고찰하여 소재와 Powder bed fusion (PBF) 공정 설계 관점에서 해결책을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문은 향후 PBF 방식으로 적층 제조한 MMCs를 개발할 때 설계 및 제조 가이드라인을 제시하여 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) were widely used in various industries, due to the excellent properties: high strength, stiffness, wear resistance, hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, etc. With additive manufacturing (AM) technology rapidly developed, AM MMCs have been actively investigated thanks to the cost- and time-saving manufacturing. However, several issues still need to be addressed before fabricating AM MMCs. Here, several types of MMCs were introduced and MMCs' design methods to tackle the issues were suggested in a powder bed fusion (PBF) technique. The paper could come up with a guideline for the material and process design of MMCs in the PBF technique.

Keyword

표/그림 (25)

그림 Fig. 1. Distribution of Von Mises Strain according to reinforcement morphology of Al6061/SiC (15%): (a) round, (b) triangle, (c) square, (d) rectangle [42]
그림 Fig. 2. Stress-strain curves for MMCs with large particles and (a) 10% and (b) 20% contents and varying reinforcement morphology [42]
그림 Fig. 3. The evolution mechanism of SLM-processed B4C/Ti composite parts’ reinforcement at variable laser power: (a) 125 W, 800 mm/s; (b) 150 W, 800 mm/s; (c) 175 W, 800 mm/s; (d) 200 W, 800 mm/s [46]
그림 Fig. 4. SEM morphology of TiC, TiB Whisker (A/A1/A2: TiB, B: TiC) inside Ti matrix [47]
그림 Fig. 5. Optical microstructures of Al-Si MMCs with different contents of Pr: (a) 0 wt.%; (b) 0.19 wt.%, and (c) 0.73 wt.% [36]
그림 Fig. 6. SEM backscatter electron images illustrating the particle morphology of Ti-TiB2 powders ball-milled for different times: (a) 1 h, (b) 2 h, (c) 3 h and (d) 4 h [51]
그림 Fig. 7. OM micrographs observed on the etched cross-sections of samples showing the variation of microstructural homogeneity of SLM-processed (Al4SiC4+SiC)/Al hybrid reinforced composites using different particle sizes of the starting SiC powder: (a) coarse SiC particles (D50=50 μm); (b) medium SiC particles (D50=15 μm); and (c) fine SiC particles (D50=5 μm) [52]
그림 Fig. 8. Packing density vs composition for bimodal mixtures of fine and coarse (large) spheres [53]
그림 Fig. 9. Stress-strain curves for Al6061/SiC MMC with 20% reinforcement contents with varying SiC particle diameter [42]
그림 Fig. 10. Stress-strain curves for Al6061/SiC MMC with varying volume percentage of SiC reinforcement [42]
그림 Fig. 11. von Mises total strain plot for Al6061/SiC MMC with 15% volume percentage of circular particles with varying particle diameter [42]
$Fig. 12. Mechanical properties of IN718 according to VED: (a) surface roughness, (b) void fraction, (c) fractional density, (d) Vickers hardness [69]$ 그림 Fig. 12. Mechanical properties of IN718 according to VED: (a) surface roughness, (b) void fraction, (c) fractional density, (d) Vickers hardness [69]
그림 Fig. 13. Optical micrographs of etched AM parts with lines indicating melt pool boundaries: (A) Hexagon, (B) 90°, (C) 0°, (D) Concentric, (E) 90/270°, (F) 0/180° [73]
그림 Fig. 14. SEM image of polished cross-sections of SUS316L sample without (a-b) and with (c-d) substrate heating [33]
그림 Fig. 15. Optical microscope montages of Inconel MMC sample sections, at 2.5× magnification [2]
그림 Fig. 16. Stereoscope images of (a) Inconel 625, (b) Inconel 625-TiC 5 wt% both at 2500 W and 4 m/min [2]
그림 Fig. 17. (a) TEM BF images showing the dislocation tangles inside the grains and (b) dislocations interacting with intragranular TiN nanoparticles [62]
그림 Fig. 18. Engineering stress-strain curves for Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V10Mo, as produced by SLM [77]
그림 Fig. 19. Compressive true stress-strain curves for CP (Commercially pure)-Ti and Ti-TiB composite produced by SLM [51]
그림 Fig. 20. Strain-stress curves obtained from tensile tests of In718/GNP MMC [63]
그림 Fig. 21. Stress-strain curves of as-fabricated Fe/SiC composite and as-fabricated pure Fe specimen [78]
$Fig. 22. SEM micrographs of the tensile fracture surfaces of SLM-fabricated (a) Fe specimen and (b) Fe/SiC specimen, (c) high magnification of the frame in (a), and (d) high magnification of the frame in (b) [78]$ 그림 Fig. 22. SEM micrographs of the tensile fracture surfaces of SLM-fabricated (a) Fe specimen and (b) Fe/SiC specimen, (c) high magnification of the frame in (a), and (d) high magnification of the frame in (b) [78]
그림 Fig. 23. Influence of the starting particle sizes and volume contents of the TiC powder on the variation of microhardness of SLM-processed nanocomposites [61]
표 Table 1. Average coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of the 316L nanocomposite parts [61]
표 Table 2. A summary of characteristics and properties of MMCs

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