[논문]경기도 가평 지역 조림지 내 전나무(Abies holophylla)의 분포와 천연갱신

남광현; 주광영; 최은호; 정종빈; 박필선

doi:10.14578/jkfs.2021.110.3.341

경기도 가평 지역 조림지 내 전나무(Abies holophylla)의 분포와 천연갱신
Distribution and Natural Regeneration of Abies holophylla in Plantations in Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do 원문보기

한국산림과학회지 = Journal of korean society of forest science, v.110 no.3, 2021년, pp.341 - 354

남광현 (서울대학교 농림생물자원학부) , 주광영 (국립생태원) , 최은호 (서울대학교 농림생물자원학부) , 정종빈 (서울대학교 산림과학부) , 박필선 (서울대학교 농림생물자원학부)

초록
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전나무속(Abies)은 내음성 수종으로 천이 후기 단계 또는 노령림의 주요 수종으로 알려져 있다. 경기도 가평 지역은 전나무(Abies holophylla Maxim.) 임분이 산재하고 있으나 구체적인 현황은 알려진 바가 드물고, 전체 산림의 상당 부분을 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.)와 일본잎갈나무(Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere) 조림지가 차지하고 있다. 본 연구는 가평 지역의 잣나무, 일본잎갈나무 조림지와 주변의 전나무 임분을 조사하여 조림 수종에서 지역 자생수종인 전나무로의 천이 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 가평군 이화리 및 산유리의 전나무가 분포하는 잣나무, 일본잎갈나무 조림지와 주변 전나무 천연 임분에서 매목조사를 실시하고, 전나무 치수의 발생 현황을 파악하였다. 또한 해당 지역의 조림 기록을 조사하였다. 조사 지역에서 전나무의 우점치는 36.1-79.1%로 가장 높았으며, 하층의 전나무 밀도는 ha당 50-5,820본이었다. 전나무의 직경분포를 이용한 비계량 다차원척도법(NMDS) 분석 결과, 전나무 분포 특성에 따라 조사지의 임분은 4개의 유형(AN, AP, AM, P)으로 구분되었다. AN는 전나무의 직경분포가 역 J형을 보이는 전나무 천연림과 유사한 형태를 보였으며, AP는 전나무 모수가 임분 내에 존재하는 조림지로 전나무가 상층과 중층에서는 조림목과, 하층에서는 활엽수와 경쟁을 하고 있었다. AM은 전나무 모수가 임분 내 존재하나 산림작업이 이루어져 밀도가 조절된 임분이었다. P는 임분 내 전나무 모수가 없는 조림지이나 인근에 전나무 모수가 있어 하층에 전나무의 갱신이 이루어지는 유형으로 전나무림으로의 수종 전환이 예상된다. 가평 지역 내 종자 공급이 가능한 전나무 모수가 남아있거나 인접한 곳에 전나무림이 위치한 일본잎갈나무와 잣나무 조림지에서 자생수종인 전나무는 천연갱신이 활발하였고 이들 조림지는 점차 전나무림으로 발달할 가능성을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과는 천연림 복원이나 복층림 경영에 필요한 기초 자료로 이용될 수 있으며, 향후 전나무의 입지, 내음성과 생장 특성에 대한 정보와 이를 바탕으로 한 갱신과 관리 기술 개발이 필요하다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

A large part of Gapyeong is occupied by Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations. Abies holophylla stands are scattered throughout Gapyeong, but little information on their distribution is available. This study explored the potential of succession from planted species to native A. holophylla in plantations. Trees were inventoried and regeneration of A. holoplhylla and stand management history were examined in Korean pine, Japanese larch, and A. holophylla-dominated stands. The importance percentage of A. holophylla was the highest among species with a range of 36.1% to 79.1% in all stands and the density of A. holophylla in understory (DBH <2 cm or <1.3 m height) ranged from 50 to 5,820 trees ha-1. Non-metric multidimensional scaling classified stands into four types, AN, AP, AM, and P. The AN type showed a reverse J-shape DBH distribution, which was similar to that in natural A. holophylla stands. Both AP and AM types included Korean pine plantations with A. holophylla seed trees within stands. For AP, A. holophylla competed with planted species in overstory and deciduous broadleaved species in understory. The AM type was once thinned from below, thus stem density in the mid DBH classes was lower than upper or lower DBH classes. The P type consisted of plantations without A. holophylla seed trees. However, understory regeneration of A. holophylla was abundant through seed supply from A. holophylla in adjacent stands. Plantations with A. holophylla seed trees within or in adjacent stands showed vigorous natural regeneration of A. holophylla, highlighting the potential for succession from planted species to native A. holophylla in the Gapyeong area. Further studies can help develop techniques to restore plantations to native species-dominated natural stands using ecological succession.

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표/그림 (10)

그림 Figure 1. Location of the study plots in (a) Ihwa-ri and (b) Sanyoo-ri in Gapyeong area. Black solid dots indicate study plots. Black dotted lines indicate stand boundaries where Abies holophylla trees are distributed in overstory.
그림 Figure 2. Monthly mean temperature (℃) and monthly precipitation (mm) of Gapyeong-gun from June 2011 to October 2020. The data were obtained from the Nami-island weather station, Gapyeong-gun (N 37°47'23.2" E 127°31'39.7") (Korea Meteorological Administration, 2020).
표 Table 1. Topographic characteristics of study sites in Ihwa-ri and Sanyoo-ri, Gapyeong-gun.
표 Table 2. Stem density (number of stems ha^-1) and importance percentage (IP) of woody plants (DBH ≥ 2 cm) in Abies holophylla stand (NA I) in Ihwa-ri, and forest belt (FB) and Pinus koraiensis plantation (PP I) in Sanyoo-ri. IP (%) of a species = [(Relative stem density + relative stem basal area)/2]×100.
표 Table 3. Stem density (D, number of stems ha^-1), basal area (BA, m² ha^-1) and importance percentage (IP, %) of major tree species (DBH ≥ 2 cm) in each stand.
그림 Figure 3. DBH distribution of trees (DBH ≥ 2 cm) of (a) Abies holophylla stand Ⅰ (NA Ⅰ), (b) A. holophylla stand Ⅱ (NA Ⅱ), (c) A. holophylla stand Ⅲ (NA Ⅲ), (d) Larix kaempferi plantation (PL), (e) Forest Belt (FB), (f) Pinus koraiensis plantation I (PP I), and (g) P. koraiensis plantation Ⅱ (PP Ⅱ). (a)-(d) are in Ihwa-ri and (e)-(g) are in Sanyoo-ri, Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do.
표 Table 4. Density (stems ha^-1) and basal area (BA, m² ha^-1) of Abies holophylla in different size classes and stand basal area (m² ha^-1, DBH ≥ 2 cm).
그림 Figure 4. (a) Height and age at 1.2 m height of Abies holophylla in overstory by counting growth rings and (b) height and estimated age of A. holophylla in understory in A. holophylla stands in Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do.
그림 Figure 5. (a) Non-metric multidimensional scaling of study plots based on DBH distribution of Abies holophylla and (b) clustering of plots based on Bray-Curtis distance.
그림 Figure 6. DBH distribution of trees (DBH ≥ 2 cm) in (a) natural Abies holophylla stand (AN), (b) Pinus koraiensis plantation with A. holophylla in overstory (AP), (c) A. holophylla in overstory and management activities (AM), and (d) newly invading A. holophylla in plantation (P).

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