[논문]비생물기원 수소 생산성의 지질학적 평가 관련 해외 연구 동향: 리뷰 논문

정성우; 김태용; 고경태; 양민준

doi:10.9720/kseg.2022.4.627

비생물기원 수소 생산성의 지질학적 평가 관련 해외 연구 동향: 리뷰 논문
Research Trends of Foreign Countries on Geological Evaluation of Abiotic Hydrogen Productivity: A Review 원문보기

지질공학 = The journal of engineering geology, v.32 no.4, 2022년, pp.627 - 642

정성우 (부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 지구환경과학전공) , 김태용 (부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 지구환경과학전공) , 고경태 (한국지질자원연구원 지질연구센터) , 양민준 (부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 환경지질과학전공)

초록
AI-Helper

최근까지 전 세계 에너지 수요는 화석연료(석유, 석탄, 천연가스)에 의존해왔으며, 이로 인해 지구온난화와 같은 심각한 전 지구적 환경 변화를 유발하고 있다. 에너지 관련 분야의 연구자들은 가장 유망한 에너지 운반체이자 지속 가능한 에너지 개발의 핵심 기술인 수소 에너지에 주목하고 있다. 수소 연료는 생산을 위해 사용되는 연료와 공정처리과정에 따라 그레이수소, 블루수소, 그린수소 등으로 분류된다. 지질학자들은 수소 에너지 개발을 위해 사문암화작용 또는 열수변질작용에 의한 비생물기원 수소 생산메커니즘 규명 연구를 진행하고 있다. 특히, 미국, 호주, 프랑스 등의 국가에서는 실내실험 규모의 물-암석 반응 실험을 통해 다양한 조건에서의 수소 생산성을 연구하였으나, 국내에서는 비생물기원 수소에 대한 연구가 거의 진행된 바 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 리뷰에서는 비생물기원 수소 생산을 위해 물-암석 반응 실험을 진행한 해외 연구 사례의 현황을 파악하고 향후 국내 비생물기원 수소 생산 실험을 위한 발전방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The world's long reliance on fossil fuels (e.g., oil, coal, and natural gas) is severely changing its environment and climate. Energy research has focused on developing hydrogen as the most promising energy carrier and a key technology for sustainable energy development. Hydrogen can be classified as gray, blue, green, and otherwise according to the raw materials and methods used for production and processing. For the development of hydrogen energy, geologists are attempting to identify the mechanism of abiotic hydrogen generation by serpentinization or hydrothermal alteration. Teams in the United States, France, and Australia have researched laboratory-scale hydrogen production through water-rock interactions under various conditions, whereas there has been almost no research on abiotic hydrogen in South Korea. This paper reviews the current state of international research on hydrothermal alteration and offers suggestions for future investigations of abiotic hydrogen production in South Korea.

주제어

표/그림 (17)

그림 Fig. 1. Map of well-documented ocurrences of fluids enriched in H₂ and abiotic hydrocarbons in various environments (modified from Truche et al., 2020).
그림 Fig. 2. Numbers of papers concerning serpentinization related to hydrogen published between 1970 and 2022.
그림 Fig. 3. Production of H₂ during water-rock reactions at 55ºC (dashed lines) and 100ºC (solid lines). All experiments were conducted in triplicate (modified from Mayhew et al., 2013).
그림 Fig. 4. Mechanism of H₂ generation promoted on a spinel surface. (a) Dissolved Fe²⁺-bearing silicates lead to the release of Fe²⁺ and aqueous silica into the solution. Fe²⁺ adsorbed on the spinel surfaces participates in interfacial electron transfer, resulting in the continuous reduction of water and /or protons. (b) Localized precipitation of the secondary phase on surface layers may halt H₂ generation lbecause of the release of Fe²⁺ from the primary minerals an /or oxidation of Fe²⁺ in the spinel surface. Adsorbed Fe²⁺ produces a Fe³⁺-(hydr)oxide on the surface layer of adjacent spinel ( modified from Mayhew et al., 2013).
그림 Fig. 5. Powder XRD of Oman dunite reacted with SW and RW. Unreacted rock (red solid line) lizardite (green dashed line), forsterite (purple dashed line), and brucite (black dashed line). Rock specimens reacted with SW (blue) and RW (orange) contain lizardite and forsterite but not brucite (modified from Miler et al., 2017).
그림 Fig. 6. Production H₂ during reactions of Oman dunite with SW (bnlue solid lines) and RW (red dashed lines). All experiments were conducted in triplicate (modified from Miller et al., 2017).
그림 Fig. 7. Water chemistry of the RW solution reacting with Oman dunite over 50 days. The initial release of cations (Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Mn²⁺) resulted in their maximum concentrations after 24h of water-rock reaction. The cation concentrations in the solution then gradually decreased over time. the concentratin of Sio_2(aq) in the solution slowly increased during the reaction (modified from Miller et al., 2017).
그림 Fig. 8. pH changes in the RW solution during water-rock reation. The pH initially increased to 9 in the first 24 hours, then slowly declined (modified from Miller et al., 2017).
표 Table 1. Comparison of experimental conditions and hydrogen production in previous lab-scale experiments (T=100ºC)
그림 Fig. 9. Gas (H₂, CO₂, and CH₄) generation during experimental serpentinization of olivine at 300ºC and 500 bar (modified from Berndt et al., 1996).
표 Table 1. Continued.
그림 Fig. 10. Logf_CO2-Logf_O2 diagram for the system FeO-H₂O-O₂-CO₂ at 300ºC and 500 bar with fluid chemistry. Numbered points represent the sample number. The dashed line (CO₂/CH₄) shows where the CO₂ and CH₄ fugacity would be equal when in equilibrium. All of the results after the water-rock interaction lie within the methane stability region and the graphite field, indicating a thermodynamic process for methanization and graphitization of CO₂ (modified from Berndt et al., 1996).
그림 Fig. 11. Production on H₂ and silica activity _{in situ} [aSiO_2(aq)] during experimental serpentinization of OlivOpx230. Gray dashed lines represent silica activities for the stable equilibrilum of talc/serpentine, serpentine/brucite, and olivine/brucite(modified by McCollom et al., 2020).
그림 Fig. 12. Simulation of lmineral composition changes during experimental serpentinization of OlivOpx230 at 230ºC by the reation path model. The dashed line represents the degree ofreation progress at the end of the experimental serpentinization (modified from McCollom et al., 2020).
그림 Fig. 13. Simulation results of experimental serpentizization by the reaction path model and measured data of experiment OlivOpx230 at 230ºC (a) Predicted (red dashed line) and measured (red triangles) pH ^{in situ} and predicted (blue solid line) and measured (blue circles) H₂ generation. (b) Predicted (solid lines) and measured (symbols) data of Mg# from chrysotile (green), Mg# from brucite (red), and the Fe³⁺: Fe_total ratio of chrysotile (purple) (modified from McCollom et al., 2020).
그림 Fig. 14. H₂ generation after hydrothermal alteration at 350ºC and 500 bar for 360h. Experimentas used different initial fluid compositions to evaluate the effect of pH and salinity. Production of H₂ normalized to the mass of solids (SL-granite or arfvedsonite) as a function of fluid composition (modified from Truche et al., 2021).
표 Table 2. Comparison of maximum hydrogen production in previous lab-scale experiemnts (T>100ºC)

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

본 리뷰에서는 비생물기원 수소 생산을 위해 물-암석 반응 실험을 진행한 해외 연구 사례들을 저온 열수변질작용과 고온 열수변질작용으로 구분하여 각 실험에서 보고된 결과, 해석, 한계점에 대해 논의하였다. 이번 리뷰에서 활용된 선행 연구들의 실험들은 물-암석 반응 실험에 사용된 유체의 특성, 암석 혹은 광물 시료의 크기, 반응시간, 온도, 압력 등의 조건들이 매우 상이한 것으로 확인되었다.

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