[논문]황사와 몽골 남부 기반암의 광물학적 비교

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doi:10.22807/kjmp.2022.35.4.397

황사와 몽골 남부 기반암의 광물학적 비교
Mineralogical Comparison between Asian Dust and Bedrock in Southern Mongolia 원문보기

광물과 암석 = Korean journal of mineralogy and petrology, v.35 no.4, 2022년, pp.397 - 407

초록
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황사 구성 광물의 지질학적 근원을 추적하기 위해, 발원지인 몽골 남부 고비사막 기반암의 광물학적 특성을 분석하였다. 황사 발원지 기반암은 고생대 화산암 및 화산쇄설성 퇴적암, 고생대 화강암류, 중생대 퇴적암으로 구성되어 있다. 고생대 화산암 및 퇴적암은 매우 치밀하게 고화 및 변형되어 산지를 형성하며, 중생대 백악기 퇴적암은 고생대 화산암 및 퇴적암으로 이루어진 산맥 사이의 분지를 충전한다. 고생대층 암석은 녹니석과 사장석 함량이 높고, 녹색편암상의 변성작용을 받았다. 중생대 퇴적암층은 녹니석이 드물고, 스멕타이트, 일라이트-스멕타이트 혼합층, 카올리나이트 등의 점토광물이 풍부하다. 고생대 화강암류에는 각섬석과 흑운모가 특징적으로 함유되어 있다. 발원지 기반암의 광물학적 특성과 비교하면, 황사는 고생대층과 중생대층 기원 쇄설물의 혼합물이나, 중생대 퇴적암에 더 가깝다. 점토 함량이 높고, 덜 고화된 중생대 퇴적암류는 잘 부스러져 침식되기 쉬운 실트질 표토가 되어 황사 광물 구성에 기여한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Mineralogical analysis of the bedrock of the Gobi Desert in southern Mongolia, the source of Asian dust, was conducted to trace the geological origin of the constituent minerals of Asian dust. The bedrock of the source of Asian dust consists of Paleozoic volcanics and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, Paleozoic granitic rocks, and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Paleozoic volcanics and volcaniclastic sediments lithified compactly, underwent greenschist metamorphism, and deformed to form mountain ranges. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks fill the basin between the mountain ranges of Paleozoic strata. In comparison to Paleozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic sedimentary rocks have lower contents of chlorite and plagioclase, but high contents of clay minerals including interstratified illite-smectite, smectite, and kaolinite. Paleozoic granites characteristically contain amphibole and biotite. Compared with the mineral composition of bedrock in source, Asian dust is a mixture of detrital particles originating from Paleozoic and Mesozoic bedrocks. However, the mineral composition of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks is closer to that of Asian dust. Less lithified Mesozoic sedimentary rocks easily disintegrated to form silty soils which are deflated to form Asian dust.

주제어

표/그림 (8)

그림 Fig. 1. Geological map of southern Mongolia from the Geological Map of Mongolia Scale 1:1,000,000 (Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia and Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 1998).
표 Table 1. Rocks samples from the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia
표 Table 2. Mineral compositions of Paleozoic volcanics and granitoids from the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia
표 Table 3. Mineral compositions of Paleozoic volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks and limestones from the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia
표 Table 4. Mineral compositions of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks from the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia
그림 Fig. 2. Back-scattered electron images of thin sections of Paleozoic volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. Bottom images were magnified from the square boxes of the upper images. (a) Sample 35B1. (b) 55B1. Ab = albite, Ch = chlorite, Ep = epidote, Ilt = illite, Pl = plagioclase, Qz = quartz.
그림 Fig. 3. Back-scattered electron images of thin sections of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Bottom images were magnified from the square boxes of the upper images. (a) 41BW. (b) 41A. (c) 53. Cal = calcite, Ep = epidote, Fe = iron oxides, IS = interstratified illite-smectite, Kln = kaolinite, Kfs = K-feldspar, Sme = smectite, Qz = quartz.
$Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction patterns of clays (< 2 μm) separated from Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Clays were smeared, air-dried, and saturated with ethylene glycol vapor at 60℃ for 48 hours. Numbers on peaks are d-spacings in Å unit.$ 그림 Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction patterns of clays (< 2 μm) separated from Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Clays were smeared, air-dried, and saturated with ethylene glycol vapor at 60℃ for 48 hours. Numbers on peaks are d-spacings in Å unit.

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