[논문]통합곤충영양학에 관한 최신 연구동향: 영양기하학적 관점을 중심으로

이광범; 장태환; 노명석

doi:10.5656/ksae.2022.02.1.068

통합곤충영양학에 관한 최신 연구동향: 영양기하학적 관점을 중심으로
Recent Trends in Integrative Insect Nutrition: A Nutritional Geometry Perspective 원문보기

한국응용곤충학회지 = Korean journal of applied entomology, v.61 no.1, 2022년, pp.129 - 142

이광범 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생명공학부 및 농업생명과학연구원) , 장태환 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생명공학부 및 농업생명과학연구원) , 노명석 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 농생명공학부 및 농업생명과학연구원)

초록
AI-Helper

영양은 모든 생명활동의 근본이며, 생물의 진화적 적응도를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인이다. 곤충영양학은 곤충생리학의 전통적인 연구영역이며, 최근 산업곤충의 대량사육 필요성이 증가함에 따라 그 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고, 곤충의 영양현상을 정확히 이해하기란 어려운데, 이는 영양의 다변량적 특성, 영양소 간의 교호작용 등으로 설명되는 영양적 복잡성에 기인한다. 영양기하학(Nutritional Geometry)은 이러한 난점을 극복하기 위해 고안된 통합적이고 다차원적인 분석모형으로서, 최근 곤충영양학이 급격하게 발전할 수 있는 이론적 및 실험적 기반을 제공하였다. 본 종설은 영양기하학의 기본개념을 소개하고, 이러한 방법론이 어떻게 최근 곤충영양학의 급속한 학문적 진보를 가능케 하였는지, 그리고 영양이 어떻게 생리학, 생태학, 진화생물학을 통합하는 구심점이 될 수 있었는지를, 최신 연구사례를 중심으로 살펴볼 것이다. 또한 본 종설은 향후 영양기하학을 적용함으로써 발전할 가능성이 높은 연구분야를 고찰할 것이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Nutrition dictates nearly all biological processes and determines Darwinian fitness in all living organisms, including insects. Research on insect nutrition has a long history in the field of insect physiology and the importance of understanding insect nutrition has become increasingly apparent with the growing need for producing insects as food and feed. Nevertheless, it is only in recent years that we have witnessed a major breakthrough in our knowledge of insect nutrition. The multivariate, interactive, and dynamic nature of nutrition has long hampered our complete understanding of insect nutrition. However, the challenge posed by such nutritional complexity has been overcome with the advent of the Nutritional Geometry, which is an integrative and multidimensional framework that enabled us to model complex interactions between multiple nutrients. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts and principles of the Nutritional Geometry and describe how this innovative framework has revolutionized the field of insect nutrition and has placed nutrition in the centre of the interface between physiology, ecology, and evolution. We close this review by discussing potentially fertile research areas that can benefit tremendously from the application of this powerful nutritional paradigm in the future.

주제어

표/그림 (6)

그림 Fig. 1. Protein-carbohydrate nutrient space for a hypothetical animal and foods. The intake target (black circle) represents the amount and balance of the two nutrients that are optimally required by an animal. The solid lines (Nutrient rails) in each panel represent diets. In (A), an animal is confined to a nutritionally balanced diet, whereas in (B) an animal is offered a choice between two nutritionally imbalanced but together complementary diets. Grey dashed lines with an arrowhead indicate the intake patterns. In (C), an animal is confined to a nutritionally imbalanced diet and so given one of three options (Case 1, 2, 3). These plots are adapted from Simpson and Raubenheimer (2012).
그림 Fig. 2. The number of peer-reviewed research articles and insect species in which the nutritional geometry was applied as the main research tool between 1990 and 2021 for each major insect order. "Others" include Isoptera, Hemiptera, and arachnids. Searches were carried out using Google Scholar.
그림 Fig. 3. Comparison of the hypothetical intake array patterns between (A) herbivorous and (B) carnivorous species. The dotted lines are the nutrient rails for each diet. Circle with standard error bars represent the amount of protein-carbohydrate eaten by insects on each diet.
그림 Fig. 4. Graphic illustration of the nutritional landscape. The peak of the fitness mountain is indicated by the bull's-eye (Data from Jang and Lee, 2018).
그림 Fig. 5. Nutritional landscapes fitted for (A) lifespan and (B) egg production rate recorded from 1,008 female D. melanogaster flies confined one of 28 diets varying in both the ratio and total amount of protein and carbohydrate. The red dashed line in each panel indicates the optimal protein to carbohydrate ratio for each trait (Data from Lee et al., 2008).
그림 Fig. 6. Quantification of the nutrient-mediate life-history trade-off using the vector of position approach. The Euclidean distance (d) and angle (θ) between the two position vectors directed from the origin to each trait maximum (peak) were calculated to measure the strength of the trade-off between the two traits. The peaks for two traits were more separated in (A) than in (B), suggesting that the nutritional mediation of the trade-off is stronger in the former. These plots are adapted from Morimoto and Lihoreau (2019).

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용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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