[논문]해상 가두리양식장 양식어류의 대량폐사에 대하여

한지도; 이덕찬

doi:10.7847/jfp.2022.35.1.001

해상 가두리양식장 양식어류의 대량폐사에 대하여
A review of the mass-mortalities of sea-cage farm fishes 원문보기

韓國魚病學會誌= Journal of fish pathology, v.35 no.1, 2022년, pp.1 - 25

한지도 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소 양식산업과) , 이덕찬 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소 양식산업과)

초록
AI-Helper

지난 30년간 전세계 양식업은 비약적으로 발전하였다. 양식업은 인간이 요구하는 동물성 단백질 섭취량의 15% 이상을 공급하는 중요한 산업이므로 수요 충족을 위하여 어류와 수산생물의 지속적인 생산 증가가 필요하다. 우리나라 남해안(경남과 전남)에 위치한 어류 가두리양식장 수면적 비율은 전국 대비 약 90%로 어류 양식업의 측면에서는 매우 중요한 곳이다. 그러나 최근의 양식환경은 전지구적 문제인 기후변화에 의한 영향을 점진적으로 받고 있으며, 이러한 영향이 더욱 심화될 것으로 예측되고 있다. 그러므로 지금의 시점에서 기후변화가 우리나라 산업계, 특히 양식산업에 미칠 영향을 정확히 평가하여야 할 시점일 뿐만 아니라 나아가 어업피해를 최소화하기 위한 사회적 및 국가적 전략이 필요하다. 남해안 가두리양식장에서 양식되는 어류의 피해는 해마다 늘어나고 있는데 주요피해의 원인 인자는 기후변화와 직·간접적으로 관련이 있는 고수온, 저수온 및 적조의 발생 등으로 알려져 있다. 현재의 시점에서 지구 온난화는 경제적 한계를 가지는 어종이나 새로운 종에 대한 양식산업화의 기회를 제공할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 긍정적인 기회의 존재에도 불구하고 새로운 종의 유입에 의한 생태 교란, 적조 등 미세조류의 번식빈도 증가, 질병 발생 기회의 증가, 여름철 고수온 발생 및 기간의 장기화 등 부정적인 문제가 발생하며, 이러한 원인들의 복합적인 영향으로 인해 양식어류의 폐사 규모와 사례가 증가하고 있다. 어류의 폐사 피해의 증가는 양식산업계에 심각한 경제적 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 피해 대응과 후속 조치를 위한 사회적 비용 또한 증가하게 된다. 그러므로 어류양식장에서 발생하는 폐사 피해는 원인 인자들에 대한 적극적이고 능동적인 대응으로 줄일 수 있으며, 양식생물의 사육 및 관리기술 향상, 효율적인 먹이 관리, 질병 차단과 능동적 대응, 제도개선 등 다양한 영역에서 이루어져야 한다. 본 총설에서는 우리나라 남해안에 위치한 어류 가두리 양식장에서 발생한 대량폐사 사례를 분석하고 폐사 원인에 대한 대응 능력을 향상시키기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The aquaculture industry has developed rapidly over the last three decades and is an important industry that supplies over 15% of humans' animal protein intake; therefore, there is a need to increase production to meet the continuous demand. The fish cage farms on the southern coast (Kyengsangnam-do and Jeollanam-do) of Korea are critical resources in aquaculture because they account for approximately 90% of the national total fish cage farms by water area ratio. However, the current aquaculture environment is being gradually affected by climate change, which is a global issue, and its effects are expected to intensify in the future. Therefore, it is urgently imperative to accurately evaluate the effects of climate change on South Korean aquaculture industries and to develop social and national strategies to minimize damage to the fishing industry. The damage to fish farmed in cage farms on the southern coast is increasing annually and the leading causes are high and low water temperature and red tides, which are directly or indirectly related to climate change. At present, global warming can provide opportunities for aquaculture industrialization of fish or other novel species, with economic implications. However, despite such opportunities, the influx of new species can also cause problems such as ecological disturbances, increase in the reproduction frequency of microalgae such as red tide, increase in disease incidence, and occurrence and periods of high water temperatures in summer. The scale of farmed fish mortality is increasing due to the complex effects of these factors. Increased damages due to fish mortality not only have severe economic impacts on the aquaculture industry, but the social costs of responding to the damage and follow-up measures also increase. various active responses can reduce the mortality damage in fish farms such as improving the management skills in aquaculture, improved species breeding, efficient food management, disease prevention, proactive responses, and system-wide improvements. This review article analyzes the large-scale mortality cases occurring in fish cage farms on the southern coast of Korea and proposes measures to mitigate mortality and enhance responses to such scenarios.

주제어

표/그림 (10)

표 Table 1. Current status of the number and water area of fish cage and enclosure farms by region of 2020 (http://kosis.kr)
그림 Fig. 1. The reaction stage of aquatic organisms under the influence of stressor.
그림 Fig. 2. Nitrogen mass balances in the cage farm constructed according to the flux and the accumulation methods (from Hall et al., 1992).
그림 Fig. 3. Mortality tendency and main causes of cultured fish farms in southern coast (from Lee et al., 2018).
그림 Fig. 4. Major impacts on mass mortality of cultured fish cultured fish in southern coast (from Lee et al., 2018).
그림 Fig. 5. Water temperature and fluctuations caused by mass mortality of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii in Tongyeong waters, Gyengnam in 2012 (HL, Haklim-ri, Sanyang-up; SR, Sirang-ri, Sanyang-up; PH, Poonghwa-ri, Sanyang-up). The first mass mortality occurs during a period of rapid change in water temperatur, and thr second mass mortality occurs during a period of high water temperature (from Lee et al., 2013).
그림 Fig. 6. Diagram showing the correlation between fish health and disease outbreaks due to high water temperature and water temperature fluctuations. High temperature and rapid changes in water temperature reduce the immune response and health of fish, and further lower the resistance to disease.
그림 Fig. 7. Example of damages caused by heavy snow (Hansan-do, Gyeongnam; 14-Jan-2013). Depending on the geographical characteristics, the inflow snow melted water (⇧) concentrated in one place (affected area), and due to the influence of cold water, the cage farm in this area was severely damaged by cold water.
그림 Fig. 8. Ceroidosis and diseases symptoms in farmed fish organs. A~C) Ceroidosis in the kidney, D) Myopathy in black sea bream, and E) Browning and yellowing of the liver in korean rockfish.
그림 Fig. 9. Farm management to reduce damage in aquaculture. In order to reduce the mortality, it is necessary to comprehensively manage, culture and breeding, health, disease and other factors.

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한국해양개발원: 대중국 수산물 수출확대방안(I)-지역별, 계층별(고소득층 대상) 마케팅 전략을 중심으로, 2007.
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원문보기 상세보기
신용민, 정겨운: 어업관리수단으로서의 어업권 제도의 의의와 개편 필요성. 수산해양교육학회, 33:144-157, 2021.
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이경주: 한국-중국간 수산물 무역의 협력증진 및 활성화에 관한 연구. 인하대학교 대학원, 석사학위논문, pp.8-11, 2006.
홍현표, 김봉태: 한국양식산업의 경쟁력 분석(한국해양수산개발원). 2008년도 춘계학술대회 및 심포지엄집, pp.85-101, 2008.

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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