[논문]Strobilurin계 살균제에 대한 고추탄저병균의 교차저항성과 Pyraclostrobin 저항성균에 대한 다른 기작 살균제의 억제 효과

박수빈; 김흥태

doi:10.5423/rpd.2022.28.3.122

Strobilurin계 살균제에 대한 고추탄저병균의 교차저항성과 Pyraclostrobin 저항성균에 대한 다른 기작 살균제의 억제 효과
Cross-resistance of Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. to Strobilurin Fungicides and Inhibitory Effect of Fungicides with Other Mechanisms on C. acutatum s. lat. Resistant to Pyraclostrobin 원문보기

Research in plant disease = 식물병연구, v.28 no.3, 2022년, pp.122 - 131

박수빈 (충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 식물의학과) , 김흥태 (충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 식물의학과)

초록
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Pyraclostrobin에 대해서 감수성균인 Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8과 저항성인 20CDJ6을 사용하여, strobilurin계에 속하는 살균제와의 교차 저항성 여부와, 작용기작이 다른 살균제의 저항성균에 대한 작용 특성을 조사하였다. Pyraclostrobin 저항성 20CDJ6은 strobilurin계인 azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl에 대해서도 저항성을 보여, 교차 저항성 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 작용기작이 다른 모든 살균제는 감수성과 저항성균 모두의 균사 생장을 억제하였지만, 열매에서 병 방제 효과는 서로 달랐다. Isopyrazam의 20JDS8과 20CDJ6에 대한 병 방제효과는 매우 낮았으며, fluazinam은 열매에 상처를 내지 않고 예방적으로 처리하였을 때만 20JDS8과 20CDJ6에 대해서 91.9%와 88.1%의 방제 효과를 보였다. Tebuconazole과 prochloraz는 PDA 배지 상에서 20JDS8과 20CDJ6의 균사생장뿐만 아니라 고추 열매에서 병 발생도 효과적으로 억제하였다. 본 연구의 결과, pyraclostrobin에 대해서 저항성인 고추탄저병균은 strobilurin계의 다른 살균제와 교차 저항성을 보였다. 또한 pyraclostrobin 저항성균의 방제를 위한 대체 살균제로 작용기작이 다른 fluazinam, tebuconazole, prochloraz 등을 추천할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 다만, fluazinam은 병 발생 이전에 예방적으로 처리하여야만 효과를 얻을 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 sensitive and 20CDJ6 resistant to pylaclostrobin were used to investigate the cross-resistance with fungicides belonging to the strobilurins and the characteristics of fungicidal controlling activities with different mechanisms against the isolate resistant to the fungicide. The resistant isolate of 20CDJ6 also showed the resistance to azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl, suggesting that there is a cross-resistance relationship. All fungicides with different action mechanisms inhibited mycelial growth of both susceptible and resistant isolates of C. acutatum s. lat., but their disease control effects in fruits were different according to the fungicides. The disease control effect of isopyrazam against 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6 was very low, and fluazinam showed a control effect of 91.9% and 88.1% against 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6 only when it was treated before inoculation by spraying spore suspensions on pepper fruits without wounds. Tebuconazole and prochloraz effectively inhibited not only the mycelial growth of 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6 on potato dextrose agar medium, but also disease incidence in red pepper fruits. As a result of this study, C. acutatum s. lat. 20CDJ6 resistant to pyraclostrobin showed cross-resistance with other strobilurin fungicides. In addition, we think that fluazinam, tebuconazole, and prochloraz can be recommended as alternative fungicides for the control of red-pepper pyranthracnose pathogens resistant pyraclostrobin. However, fluazinam can be effective only if it is treated protectively before the occurrence of the disease.

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표/그림 (11)

표 Table 1. Fungicides and their concentrations used in each test method
표 Table 2. Criteria for the disease index on pepper fruit
그림 Fig. 1. Mycelial growth inhibiting ratio (%) of Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 (A) and 20CDJ6 (B) causing pepper anthracnose in PDA treated with fungicides. Isolate 20 JDS8 was sensitive to pyraclostrobin, and 20CDJ6 was resistant. The inhibition rate was investigated by agar dilution method on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. After incubating the medium inoculated with the pathogen for 5 to 7 days in a dark condition at 25°C, when the diameter of the colony became about 40 mm in PDA treated without any fungicides, the colony diameter of C. acutatum s. lat. was measured, and the mycelial growth inhibition rate (%) was calculated.
그림 Fig. 2. Disease control efficacy of pyraclostrobin on Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6 causing pepper anthracnose in an wound inoculation experiment. Isolate 20 JDS8 was sensitive to pyraclostrobin, and 20CDJ6 was resistant. (A) The disease control efficacy calculated with the lesion length of the fungicide-applied treatment versus the lesion length of the non-pyraclostrobin-applied treatment. (B) The lesions that occurred when C. acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6 were inoculated on untreated and treated peppers with pyraclostrobin, respectively.
그림 Fig. 3. Protective and curative effects of pyraclostrobin against the susceptible isolate 20JDS8 and resistant isolate 20CDJ6 of Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. in a non-wound inoculation experiment. (A) The disease control efficacy calculated with the disease incidence on a pepper fruit. (B) The lesions that occurred when C. acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 (B-1 and B-2) and 20CDJ6 (B-3 and B-4) were inoculated by spraying spore suspensions on unwound pepper fruits. Pyraclostrobin was treated before (B-1 and B-3) and after (B-2 and B-4) inoculation. In all photos, the left side is the pepper fruit not treated with pyraclostrobin, and the right side shows the pepper fruit treated with pyraclostrobin.
그림 Fig. 4. Effect of fungicides used as preventive and curative application on pepper fruits sprayed with conidial suspension of Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 (A) and 20CDJ6 (B). The difference between each treatment was tested by Duncan for protective and curative effects, respectively. Values labeled with the same letter are not significantly different in Duncan’s multiple range test at P=0.05.
그림 Fig. 5. Control effect of 3 fungicides on pepper anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. Diluted with a field dilution fold, 3 fungicides were applied before and after inoculation with a susceptible isolate 20JDS8 and a resistant isolate 20CDJ6, respectively. (A) Protective effect of fungicides in experiments inoculated with a susceptible isolate 20JDS8. (B) Curative effect of fungicides in experiments inoculated with a susceptible isolate 20JDS8. (C) Protective effect of fungicides in experiments inoculated with a resistant isolate 20CDJ6. (D) Curative effect of fungicides in experiments inoculated with a resistant isolate 20CDJ6. 1, untreated control; 2, azoxystronin; 3, trifloxystrobin; 4, kresoxim-methyl.
그림 Fig. 6. Inhibitory ratio (%) of mycelial growth of Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. according to several fungicides: (A) dithianon, (B) isopyrazam, (C) pyraclostrobin, (D) fluazinam, (E) tebuconazole, and (F) prochloraz.
그림 Fig. 7. Effect of fungicides on pepper anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 and 20CDJ6. This experiment was performed using the pepper fruits. When inoculating pathogens, 20JDS8, a pyraclostrobin-sensitive isolate, and 20CDJ6, a resistant isolate, were inoculated on pepper fruits by an wounding method, respectively. The difference between each treatment was tested by Duncan for protective and curative effects, respectively. Values labeled with the same letter are not significantly different in Duncan’s multiple range test at P=0.05.
그림 Fig. 8. Controlling efficacy of fungicides on pepper anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. on fruits inoculated with 20JDS8 as a pyraclostrobin-sensitive isolate (A) and 20CDJ6 as a resistant isolate (B), respectively.
그림 Fig. 9. Protective and curative effect of fungicides against pepper anthracnose. Fungicides were sprayed before and after inoculation of pathogens. As an inoculum, Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. 20JDS8 (A) as a pyraclostrobin-sensitive isolate and C. acutatum s. lat. 20CDJ6 (B) as a resistant isolate were inoculated, respectively. The difference between each treatment was tested by Duncan for protective and curative effects, respectively. Values labeled with the same letter are not significantly different in Duncan's multiple range test at P=0.05. Di, dithianon; I, isopyrazam; Py, pyraclostrobin; Fa, fluazinam; Te, tebuconazole; Pr, prochloraz.

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