[논문]고추 시듦 증상을 일으키는 원인균의 분리 및 동정

이경희; 김흥태

doi:10.5423/rpd.2022.28.3.143

고추 시듦 증상을 일으키는 원인균의 분리 및 동정
Isolation and Identification of the Causal Agents of Red Pepper Wilting Symptoms 원문보기

Research in plant disease = 식물병연구, v.28 no.3, 2022년, pp.143 - 151

이경희 (충북농업기술원) , 김흥태 (충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 식물의학과)

초록
AI-Helper

국내의 고추 포장에서 나타나는 시듦 증상의 원인을 규명하기 위하여 2010년부터 2014년까지 5년 동안 충북 괴산의 고추 재배 포장에서 시듦 증상을 보이는 고추의 발병도를 조사하였다. 조사한 연도에 따라서 시듦 증상에 대한 발병에는 차이가 있었지만, 조사하는 시기가 6월과 7월을 지나 8월이 되면서 발병도가 높게 상승하였다. 이 시기 동안 시듦 증상을 보이는 고추에서 Ralstonia solanacearum이 Phytophthora capsici보다 4배 높은 비율로 분리되었다. 충북 괴산과 경북 안동의 포장에서 2013년과 2014년의 2년 동안 채집한 시든 고추에서 병원균을 분리하여 보아도, 조사한 전체 포장 중의 20.3%에서 R. solanacearum이 분리되었으며, 역병균인 P. capsici는 3.8%의 포장에서만 분리되었다. 시듦 증상이 높은 비율로 나타났던 해에는 평균기온이 높았으며, 고추 풋마름병 예찰 모델로 추정된 풋마름병의 초발생일도 빨라짐을 알 수 있었다. 역병 발생 위험 일수와 실제 시듦 증상 발생 빈도의 결과가 부합하지 않는 것은 재배 현장에서 역병 저항성 품종의 사용이 일반화되어 있기 때문이라고 생각한다. 이런 결과를 통해서 역병 저항성 고추 품종이 재배 현장에 도입된 이후, 포장에서 관찰할 수 있는 시듦 증상의 원인은 P. capsici에 의한 역병보다는 R. solanacearum에 의한 풋마름병이었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In order to investigate the cause of wilting symptoms in red pepper field of Korea, the frequency of occurrence of red peppers showing wilting symptoms was investigated in pepper cultivation fields in Goesan, Chungcheongbuk-do for 5 years from 2010 to 2014. There was a difference in the frequency of wilting symptoms depending on the year of investigation, but the frequency of occurrence increased as the investigation period passed from June and July to August. During this period, Ralstonia solanacearum causing the bacterial wilt was isolated at a rate four times higher than Phytophthora capsica causing the Phytophthora late blight. In wilted peppers collected in Goesan of Chungbuk and Andong of Gyeongbuk in 2013 and 2014, R. solanacearum and P. capsici were isolated from 20.3% and 3.8% of the total fields, respectively. In the year with a high rate of wilting symptoms, the average temperature was high, and the disease occurrence date of the bacterial wilt, estimated with disease forecasting model, was also fast. The inconsistency between the number of days at risk of Phytophthora late blight and the frequency of occurrence of wither symptoms is thought to be due to the generalization of the use of cultivars resistant to the Phytophthora late blight in the pepper field. In our study, the wilting symptoms were caused by the bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum rather than the Phytophthora late blight caused by P. capsica, which is possibly caused by increasing cultivation of pepper varieties resistant to the Phytophthora late blight in the field.

주제어

표/그림 (10)

그림 Fig. 1. Incidence of pepper with wilt symptoms at Goesan-gun of Chungbuk province in 2010–2014.
그림 Fig. 2. Monthly number of Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici isolates from pepper with wilt symptoms at Geosangun of Chungbuk province in 2010–2014.
표 Table 1. Disease index in this study
그림 Fig. 3. Typical symptoms of bacterial wilt disease (A-E) and Phytophthora blight (F-I) in pepper. Leaves of pepper infected with Ralstonia solanacearum start to wilt without external symptoms on the root and stem at the beginning of disease (A), and the vascular tissue in lower stem turns brown (B-D). The roots gradually brown and rhizomes are open observed (E). In pepper infected with Phytophthora capsici, the stems around the ground and roots are rotten (F-H), and when peeled, the inside of the stem is rotting dark brown (I).
그림 Fig. 4. A view of pepper fields occurring bacterial wilt disease and the various symptom on the degree of disease progress. A view of pepper fields occurring bacterial wilt disease and the various symptom on the degree of disease progress. Early stage of bacterial wilt at a open field (A, B). All the leaves of a pepper plant is wilted (A) and the vascular tissue in lower stem discolored in dark brown (B). Early stage of pepper showing wilting symptom at a greenhouse (C-E). The pepper wilt along the furrow on a greenhouse (C). The root of diseased pepper is rotten (right) (D), vascular tissue in lower stem discolored in dark brown (right) (E). The pepper wilting along the furrow on a greenhouse in mature stage (F-K). The pepper wilt along the furrow on a greenhouse (F). The root of diseased pepper is rotten (G, H, K) and the rot symptoms are usually seen on one side of the root (I). The vascular tissue of root discolored in dark brown (J). Late stage of bacterial wilt at a greenhouse (L-O). When the disease progresses, the plant completely wilts and turns yellow (L). The vascular tissue of root discolored in dark brown (M). The lower stem turns black (N). Saprophytes can be seen on it (O). Late stage of bacterial wilt at a open field (P, Q). Pepper completely wilts and turns yellow (P). The lower stem may turn black (Q).
그림 Fig. 5. Frequency of fields by isolates from pepper with wilt symptoms at Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk province in 2013–2014. ND, not detected from pepper plant with wilt symptoms. No. of field surveyed was 56 in Chungbuk province and 77 in Gyeongbuk province.
표 Table 2. Incidence of wilt symptoms on pepper at Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk province in 2013–2014
그림 Fig. 6. Daily mean temperature, precipitation and infection risk warning of Phytophthora blight of pepper estimated by National Crop Pest Management System (http://ncpms.rda.go.kr) and bacterial wilt disease by forecasting model (Kim et al., 2012) at Goesangun of Chungbuk during growing seasons from 2010 to 2014: (A) 2010, (B) 2011, (C) 2012, (D) 2013, and (E) 2014. The dates of infection risk warning for Phytophthora blight was indicated by ↓ and the predicted primary infection date for bacterial wilt disease, ↓.
그림 Fig. 7. Pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from pepper with wilt symptoms at Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk province in 2014. Disease index of bacterial wilt on 6-leaf stage pepper seedlings were obtained by inoculating each R. solanacearum isolate adjusted to O.D. 1.0 at 600 nm with seedling-dipping and soil drenching method.
그림 Fig. 8. The various symptoms on 6-leaf stage seedlings inoculated by Ralstonia solanacearum isolates from pepper at Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk. Arrows indicates leaves with yellowing symptom. (A) Isolate with weak pathogenicity (Disease index, 0.2). (B) Isolate with mild pathogenicity (Disease index, 1.9). (C) Isolate with strong pathogenicity (Disease index, 3.9). (D) Control.

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