[논문]대산 석유화학 산업단지 인근 지역에서의 BTEX 인체 위해성 평가

이지형; 장용철; 천광수; 김보라

doi:10.14249/eia.2022.31.5.321

대산 석유화학 산업단지 인근 지역에서의 BTEX 인체 위해성 평가
Human Health Risk Assessment of BTEX from Daesan Petrochemical Industrial Complex 원문보기

환경영향평가 = Journal of environmental impact assessment, v.31 no.5, 2022년, pp.321 - 333

이지형 (충남대학교 환경공학과) , 장용철 (충남대학교 환경공학과) , 천광수 (환경부 금강유역환경청) , 김보라 (환경부 금강유역환경청)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구에서는 대산 석유화학 산업단지에서 배출되는 BTEX (benzene toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene)의 농도 및 분포 특성을 조사하여 지역주민에 대한 잠재적 위해성을 파악하였다. 산업단지 인근 지역주민들은 다양한 매체(공기, 물, 토양), 특히 공기를 통해 화학물질에 노출될 수 있다. 이 연구는 결정론적 및 확률론적 위해성 평가 접근 방식을 모두 사용하여 흡입에 의한 인체 건강 위험을 평가하였다. 결정론적 위해성 평가 결과 모든 지점에 대해 비발암 위해도의 유해지수(HI) 1.0보다 훨씬 낮은 결과가 나타났다. 그러나 발암 위해성 평가 결과, 산업단지 내에 위치한 A 지점에서 벤젠에 대한 초과발암위해도는 2.28×10^-6로 기준치인 1.0×10^-6을 약간 상회하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 해당 지점에 대한 확률론적 위해성 평가 결과, 보수적 기준인 1.0×10^-6을 초과하는 Percentile은 45.3%로 나타났으며, 민감도 분석 결과 노출시간(ET)가 결과에 미치는 영향이 가장 크다고 판단되었다. 인체 위해성 평가 결과, 에틸벤젠, 톨루엔, 자일렌에 대해서는 인체에 위해한 영향이 적은 것으로 판단되었으나, 벤젠은 초과발암위해도 기준(1.0×10^-6)을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 산업단지에서 공기 중 VOCs에 대한 광범위한 모니터링을 통해 이러한 잠재적 위험을 평가하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, the concentration and distribution characteristics of BTEX (benzene toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) emitted from Daesan Petrochemical Industrial Complex were examined to determine their potential hazards to local residents. Residents living nearby the complex areas may be exposed to the chemicals through various media (air, water, and soil), especially by air. This study evaluated human health risks by inhalation using both deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment approaches. As a result of the deterministic risk assessment, the non-cancer risk was much lower than the regulation limit of hazard index (HI 1.0) for all the points. However, in case of cancer risk evaluation, it was found that the risk of excess cancer for benzene at point A located in the industrial complex was 2.28×10-6, which slightly exceeded the standard regulatory limit of 1.0×10-6. In addition, the probabilistic risk assessment revealed that the percentile exceeding the standard of 1.0×10-6was found to be 45.3%. The sensitivity analysis showed that exposure time (ET) had the greatest impact on the results. Based on the risk assessment study, it implied that ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene had little adverse effects on potential human exposure, but benzene often exceeded the cancer risk standard (1.0×10-6). Further studies on extensive VOCs monitoring are needed to evaluate the potential risks of industrial complex areas.

주제어

표/그림 (15)

그림 Figure 1. BTEX measurement point near Daesan petrochemical industrial complex.
그림 Figure 2. Human exposure scenario at Daesan petrochemical industrial complex.
표 Table 1. Air emission annual rates of BTEX from Daesanpetrochemical industrial complex(unit: kg/yr)
표 Table 2. Exposure equations by the atmospheric exposure scenario in this study
표 Table 3. Exposure factors and distributions in this study
표 Table 4. Slope factor and Reference dose unit: (mg/kg-day)^-1
그림 Figure 3. Average BTEX concentration in air from Daesan petrochemical industrial complex.
그림 Figure 4. BTEX released to air from Daesan petrochemical industrial complex.
표 Table 5. Concentration distributions of BTEX from Daesan petrochemical industrial complex by four different sites (unit: μg/m³)
표 Table 6. Non-carcinogenic risk of BTEX at each point
표 Table 7. Carcinogenic risk of BTEX at each point
그림 Figure 5. Results of probabilistic risk assessment at A site.
표 Table 8. Distribution of PRA results
표 Table 9. Comparison of BTEX concentration in other studies (unit : μg/m³)
표 Table 10. Comparison of benzene excess carcinogenic risk from other studies

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