[논문]한반도 도서지역의 난온대림 식생유형 특징 및 복원전략

강현미; 강지우; 성찬용; 박석곤

doi:10.13047/kjee.2022.36.5.507

한반도 도서지역의 난온대림 식생유형 특징 및 복원전략
Characteristics and Restoration Strategies of Warm-Temperate Forests Vegetation Types in Island Area on the Korean Peninsula 원문보기

한국환경생태학회지 = Korean journal of environment and ecology, v.36 no.5, 2022년, pp.507 - 524

강현미 (국립목포대학교 조경학과) , 강지우 (국립목포대학교 대학원 조경학과) , 성찬용 (한밭대학교 도시공학과) , 박석곤 (국립순천대학교 산림자원.조경학부)

초록
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우리나라 난온대 도서지역을 광범위하게 조사해 TWINSPAN분석을 통해 식생을 유형화한 후에 유형별 입지환경과 군집구조 특성을 밝혔다. 이를 바탕으로 식생유형별 복원전략을 도출하여 난온대림 복원계획의 방향성을 제시하고자 했다. 식생유형은 명료하게 8개로 나뉘었는데 군락 I~IV는 후박나무, 구실잣밤나무 등이 우점한 양호한 상록활엽수림 이었다. 반면, 군락 V~VIII은 곰솔림과 낙엽활엽수림, 인공조림지로 난온대 지역의 퇴행천이 식생이었다. DCA분석 결과로 도출된 환경요인은 해발고(최한월 평균기온)와 해안선에서 거리(내염성)였다. 2가지 환경요인에 따라 후박나무림, 구실잣밤나무림, 가시나무류림 유형으로 난온대림 분포패턴이 명료해졌다. 3가지 식생유형을 복원대상지의 입지환경을 고려해 복원목표 식생으로 적용하는 것이 합리적이다. 군락 V~VIII에는 곰솔, 낙엽활엽수 등이 수관층을 형성했는데 종자 확장력이 강한 상록활엽수종이 하층에 빈번하게 출현해, 상록활엽수림으로 식생천이 가능성이 컸다. 도서지역에 산림이 사라진 황폐지는 협소하지만, 곰솔림과 낙엽활엽수림 등의 퇴행천이된 식생이 대면적을 이룬다. 이곳을 상록활엽수림으로 갱신하는 복원전략이 탄소중립 실현과 생물다양성 증진 측면에서 효과성이 더 클 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, we revealed the location environment and community structural characteristics after extensively investigating Korea's warm-temperate island areas and categorizing vegetation through TWINSPAN analysis. Based on it, this study aims to suggest the direction of the vegetation restoration plan for warm-temperate forests by deriving a restoration strategy for each vegetation type. The vegetation types were clearly divided into eight types, and communities I through IV were good evergreen broad-leaved forests dominated by Machilus thunbergii and Castanopsis sieboldii. On the other hand, communities V through VIII were Pinus thunbergii forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, and artificial forest, and retrogressive succession vegetation in the warm-temperate areas. The environmental factors derived from the DCA analysis were altitude (average temperature of the coldest month) and distance from the coastline (salt tolerance). The distribution pattern of warm-temperate forests has been categorized into M. thunbergii, C. sieboldii and Cyclobalanopsis spp. forest types according to the two environmental factors. It is reasonable to apply the three vegetation types as restoration target vegetation considering the location environment of the restoration target site. In communities V through VIII, P. thunbergiiand deciduous broad-leaved formed a canopy layer, and evergreen broad-leaved species with strong seed expansion frequently appeared in the ground layer, raising the possibility of vegetation succession as evergreen broad-leaved forests. The devastated land where forests have disappeared in the island areas is narrow, but vegetation such as P. thunbergii and deciduous broad-leaved forests, which have become a retrogressive succession, forms a large area. The restoration strategy of renewing this area into evergreen, broad-leaved forests should be more effective in realizing carbon neutrality and promoting biodiversity.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

그림 Figure 1. Map of the surveyed sites in the island area of warm climate zone of Korean Peninsula.
그림 Figure 2. Dendrogram of classification by TWINSPAN. *Aa: Aria alnifolia, Aj: Ardisia japonica, Ap: Acer pictum var. mono, Cc: Castanopsis cuspidata, Cj: Camellia japonica, Cja: Cryptomeria japonica, Cjap: Callicarpa japonica, Co: Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cs: Castanopsis sieboldii, Csi: Celtis sinensis, Ct: Carpinus turczaninowii, Cts: Carpinus tschonoskii, Cy: Cinnamomum yabunikkei, Ef: Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Ej: Euonymus japonicus, Eja: Eurya japonica, Fs: Fraxinus sieboldiana, Hr: Hedera rhombea, Ii: Ilex integra, Kj: Kadsura japonica, Lj: Ligustrum japonicum, Lja: Litsea japonica, Mt: Machilus thunbergii, Ns: Neolitsea sericea, Pd: Pinus densiflora, Ps: Platycarya strobilacea, Psp: Prunus spp., Pt: Pinus thunbergii, Ptr: Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Qa: Quercus acutissima, Qac: Quercus acuta, Qs: Quercus serrata, Qsa: Quercus salicina, Qv: Quercus variabilis, Sc: Smilax china, Sj: Styrax japonicus, Ta: Trachelospermum asiaticum, Tas: Trachelospermum asiaticum var. majus, Tn: Torreya nucifera, Ve: Viburnum erosum, Zs: Zelkova serrata
그림 Figure 3. Dendrogram of classification by detrended correspondence analysis(DCA).
표 Table 1. Importance percentage(IP) and diameter at breast height(DBH) distribution of major woody species for each communities
표 Table 2. Number of species and species diversity indices in each communities (Unit: 100m²)
표 Table 3. Correlations between all pair-wise combination of major upper layer species in warm temperate island regions
그림 Figure 4. Frequency of appearance (a) and altitude distribution (b) by the evergreen broad-leaved of canopy(b). Mt: Machilus thunbergii, Cy: Cinnamomum yabunikkei, Ns: Neolitsea sericea, Al: Actinodaphne lancifolia, Cs: Castanopsis sieboldii, Qa: Quercus acuta, Qs: Quercus salicina, Ii: Ilex integra, Dt: Dendropanax trifidus, Na: Neolitsea aciculata

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