[논문]한반도 지역에서 CO2 배출량과 OCO-2 XCO2 및 SIF의 관계성 분석

황예지; 김재민; 이윤곤

doi:10.7780/kjrs.2023.39.2.4

한반도 지역에서 CO2 배출량과 OCO-2 XCO2 및 SIF의 관계성 분석
Analysis of the Relationship between CO2 Emissions, OCO-2 XCO2 and SIF in the Korean Peninsula 원문보기

대한원격탐사학회지 = Korean journal of remote sensing, v.39 no.2, 2023년, pp.169 - 181

황예지 (충남대학교 우주.지질학과 대기과학전공) , 김재민 (충남대학교 우주.지질학과 대기과학전공) , 이윤곤 (충남대학교 우주.지질학과 대기과학전공)

초록
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최근 지구온난화의 주원인인 이산화탄소(carbon dioxide, CO₂)의 배출량을 줄이기 위하여 한국은 탄소 배출량 감축목표와 탄소 중립을 선언하였으며, 이에 따른 지역별 배출량과 대기 중 CO₂ 농도의 정확한 평가가 중요해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 위성자료와 CO₂ 배출량 자료를 활용하여 위성기반 대기 중 CO₂ 농도와 배출량의 시공간적 차이를 확인하고, 이러한 차이를 식생 성장에 따른 광합성 반응지수인 태양유도 엽록소 형광(solar-induced fluorescence, SIF)을 이용하여 설명하고자 하였다. 2014년부터 2018년까지 한국 지역에서 환경부 온실가스종합정보센터(Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center, GIR) 및 Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) 배출량은 지속적으로 증가하였지만, 위성에서 관측된 CO₂ 농도는 2018년에 전년 대비 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 지역적으로 살펴보면 경기도, 충청북도는 2018년에 GIR, EDGAR 배출량이 증가하였지만 CO₂ 농도는 감소하였다. 또한, 배출량과 위성관측 CO₂ 농도의 상관성분석에서 서울과 강원도 지역에서 각각 0.22 (GIR), 0.16 (EDGAR)으로 낮은 상관성을 보였다. 대기 중 CO₂ 농도는 SIF와 지역별로 상이한 상관관계를 보였는데, 5~9월의 CO₂-SIF 상관성분석에서 서울과 경기지역은 -0.26의 음의 상관계수를, 충청북도와 강원도는 0.46의 양의 상관계수를 보이며 CO₂ 흡수와 대기 중 농도의 관계성이 지역별로 차이가 있음을 밝혔다. 따라서 대기 중 CO₂ 농도와 배출량 사이의 관계성을 분석함에 있어 CO₂ 흡수 과정에 대한 고려가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Recently, in order to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which is the main cause of global warming, Korea has declared carbon emission reduction targets and carbon neutral. Accurate assessment of regional emissions and atmospheric CO2 concentrations is becoming important as a result. In this study, we identified the spatiotemporal differences between satellite-based atmospheric CO2 concentration and CO2 emissions for the Korean Peninsula region using column-averaged CO2 dry-air mole fraction from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and emission inventory. And we explained these differences using solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), a photosynthetic reaction index according to vegetation growth. The Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center (GIR) and Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emissions continued to increase in Korea from 2014 to 2018, but the satellite-based atmospheric CO2 concentration decreased in 2018, respectively. Regionally, GIR and EDGAR emissions increased in 2018 in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongbuk-do, but satellite-based CO2 concentrations decreased for the corresponding years. In addition, the correlation analysis between emissions and satellite-based CO2 concentration showed a low correlation of 0.22 (GIR) and 0.16 (EDGAR) in Seoul and Gangwon-do. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations showed a different correlation with SIF by region. In the CO2-SIF correlation analysis for the growing season (May to September), Seoul and Gyeonggi-do showed a negative correlation coefficient of -0.26, Chungcheongbuk-do and Gangwon-do showed a positive correlation coefficient of 0.46. Therefore, it can be suggested that consideration of the CO2 absorption process is necessary for analyzing the relationship between the atmospheric CO2 concentration and emission inventory.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

표 Table 1. Ranking of OCO-2 dXCO2, GIR and EDGAR CO2 emissions inventory for 17 regions in the Korean Peninsula from 2014 to 2018
그림 Fig. 2. Average annual trend of dXCO₂ and emissions for 4 regions. High concentrations of dXCO₂: (a) Seoul and (b) Gyeonggi-do. Low concentrations of dXCO₂: (c) Gangwon-do and (d) Chungcheongbuk-do. The black circles, white circles, and squares indicate data dXCO₂ of OCO-2, GIR, and EDGAR emissions.
그림 Fig. 1. Average annual trend of dXCO₂ and emissions on the Korean Peninsula from 2014 to 2018. The black circles, white circles, and squares indicate data dXCO₂ of OCO-2, GIR, and EDGAR emissions.
그림 Fig. 3. Relationship between OCO-2 dXCO₂ and CO₂ emissions of (a), (c) GIR and (b), (d) EDGAR for two time periods of (a), (b) 2014–2017 and (c), (d) 2014–2018. Circles, squares, asterisks, and triangles indicate data points for Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gangwon-do, respectively.
그림 Fig. 4. Average annual trend of GIR emissions by sector (energy, industry, waste, and LULUCF). Green, navy, yellow, and red indicate data points for Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeonggi-do, and Seoul respectively.
그림 Fig. 5. Average annual trend of Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emissions by sector (power industry, chemical processes, combustion for manufacturing, non-metallic minerals production, energy for buildings, and road transportation no resuspension). Navy, green, yellow, and red indicate data points for Chungcheongbuk-do, Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, and Seoul respectively.
그림 Fig. 6. Average annual trend of OCO-2 SIF from 2014 to 2018. (a) Korean Peninsula and (b) 4 regions. Circles, squares, asterisks, and triangles indicate data points for Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gangwon-do respectively.
그림 Fig. 7. Average monthly time series of OCO-2 dXCO₂, EDGAR CO₂ emissions, and SIF for (a) Seoul, (b) Gyeonggi-do, (c) Chungcheongbuk-do, and (d) Gangwon-do from 2014 to 2018.
그림 Fig. 8. Monthly average dXCO₂ and solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) correlation for (a) 4 regions, (b) Seoul, Gyeonggido, and (c) Chungcheongbuk-do, Gangwon-do. The size of the circle indicates the amount of EDGAR CO₂ emissions. Each region is color-coded. Filled and empty circles are May-September period and other months respectively. The correlation for each period is indicated by R₁ and R₂.

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